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This digital document is an article from Finance & Development, published by International Monetary Fund on September 1, 1999. The length of the article is 2132 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the supplier: Long-term trends and short-term fluctuations in the prices of primary commodities significantly influence the world economy. Commodity markets play a crucial function in industrial countries as they transmit business cycle shifts to the rest of the economy and influence the rate of growth of prices. Primary commodities constitute, on average, roughly 50% of the export earings of developing countries, and many emerging economies derive the bulk of their export earnings from one or two commodities. Shocks to real commodity prices are, on average very long lived in duration. Policymakers therefore need reliable estimates of the magnitude and duration of commodity price shocks when considering schemes to stabilize the prices of their countries' main commodities.

Citation Details
Title: Do commodity price shocks last too long for stabilization schemes to work?
Author: Paul Cashin
Publication: Finance & Development (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 1, 1999
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Volume: 36Issue: 3Page: 40(4)

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This digital document is an article from Journal of School Health, published by American School Health Association on April 1, 1992. The length of the article is 4044 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: A cross-sectional survey research design measured factors related to cigarette use among 2,212 senior high school students. Results showed 14.3% of the sample smoked cigarettes at least occasionally, with 5.3% reporting they were daily smokers. About 12.8% indicated they were ex-smokers. Males and females smoked at almost equal rates, and the percentage of 10th grade student smokers was slightly higher 16.4%) than the percentage of juniors and seniors who smoked. Approximately 22% of Hispanic students, 15% of Caucasian students, and 4.5% of African-American students reported smoking cigarettes at least occasionally. An initial regression analysis used 21 variables to predict cigarette smoking. A more parsimonious regression model ([R.sub.2] = .28), using variables from the initial regression analysis with significance levels of . 01 or less, indicated the most important predictors of cigarette use were ethnic group, attitude to ward females who smoke, close friends' use of cigarettes, personal use of marijuana, best friend's use of cigarettes, personal use of alcohol, and school self-esteem. Implications for school health programs are addressed. (J Sch Health. 1992;62(4):146-150)

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Title: Multiple correlates of cigarette use among high school students.
Author: Robert J. McDermott
Publication: Journal of School Health (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 1992
Publisher: American School Health Association
Volume: v62Issue: n4Page: p146(5)

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Insurance law is constantly changing, and the practitioner must remain informed on the recent developments. By reading this manual, you will gain knowledge from experts in insurance law that will facilitate your understanding of bad faith litigation.If you are an attorney, in-house counsel or representative for an insurance company, you are expected to know and understand the current status of bad faith claims. ... Read more

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Chapters: Jim Whitesell, Greg Mcdermott, Bill Fitch, Brian Jones, Ben Jacobson, Paul J. Davis, Rich Glas, Dave Gunther. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 26. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: 19871992199220042004present North Dakota (asst.)Ellsworth CC (asst.)Wabash Valley CC (asst.)Minnesota State-Mankato (asst.)ElmhurstLewisLoyola (Chicago)Jim Whitesell (b. December 27, 1959) is the head men's basketball coach at Loyola University Chicago. Whitesell replaced Larry Farmer as head coach of the Ramblers on April 14, 2004. Several of Whitesell's brothers work in the entertainment industry, including director John Whitesell, writer Chris Whitesell, writer/actor Sean Whitesell, and agent Patrick Whitesell . ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=10975082 ... Read more

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Examines the development of Egypt from the Revolution to the present, describing various features of Egyptian society and the contributions of its leaders. It asks whether Egypt has fulfilled its role as a model for Arab countries. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

The Difference Between Nasser, Sadat and Mubarak
The purpose of McDermott's book is to show the vast difference between each one of the three presidents.He takes these differences and later shows how they give off a dissimilar reactions from the Egyptians.To prove the distinction between them, he explicitly shows the decisions, taken by each president, and how the implementation of these resolutions ends up affecting the country and nation.
To clarify his objective McDermott clearly explains the differences between each president.He wants to explain how each president differed in his viewpoints, and how those views brought about problems to both the current president and the successor.The book does a great job in achieving McDermott's goal, because he clearly lays out the dilemmas each president entailed, then he describes how they solved this problem. Starting off with the charismatic chief, who launched the monarchy, Jamal Abd el Nasser.In October 1954 he called for the evacuation of British troops from Egypt.All of these events emphasized Nasser's position as the first native Egyptian ruler for some centuries to have asserted Egypt's rights and position, and to have won recognition for them. As a historical personality he was able, even without it being his intention, but through his direct contact with the people, to bypass all institutions and go direct to the people.That was his charm, his appeal and his charisma.Two of Nasser's decisions in particular sealed his fate; his demand that the UN should remove its force from the Sinai, and the announcement on 23 May that the Straits of Tiran were closed. UN moving out of Sinai opened the way to invasion; and by closing the Straits of Tiran Israel felt itself to be hemmed in so now Israel obtained three weeks of preparation.Nasser knew what he wanted and how to change his stance and seek reconciliation with opponents when he is over-extended.Those were the qualities of a master tactician unlike the other two presidents.He clearly dislikes making definitive long-range bargains, because the Egyptian revolution is still groping for a clear sense of its purposes.Nasser's decision left Egypt defeated, economically weak and unconvinced that it had been a revolution which had carried out in 1952.
Sadat taking over Nasser's death, as many found later, was a much-underrated man.Sadat finally brought about the expulsion of the Russians.This act jeopardized not only the prevention of Israel's deep penetration raids but also the supply of arms to forces, which at that stage had virtually no other sources. Kicking out the Russians was one more clear-cut step in an `Egypt-first' trend which ended in Sadat's journey to Jerusalem.This differed tremendously from Nasser's Pan-Arabism. It was in short, an appeal to Egypt to be itself, and with it came the implementation that Nasser had mismanaged the revolution and the man to bring about the necessary changes was Sadat.McDermott achieves his objective clearly by comparing the evaluations of Nasser and Sadat. Nasser was the great charismatic father figure, but he was also greatly feared.He was moved by high, but for Egyptians, exhausting ambitions.By contrast, Sadat seems natural, approachable, human. Sadat not only had to deal with the bad economy that Nasser had left behind, but with the coming of the `infitah' the open door policy ultimately had a counterproductive effect by encouraging a small section of the population selfishly to make money. Differing actions taken by Sadat than Nasser, abled the latter to take over a country, which was economically exhausted.From the military and political point of view, Soviet assistance had become an overbearing liability.With the 1973 war being won, albeit with Soviet arms, any progress towards a solution made American involvement rare.So it was a time when the choices were far more complicated than those of the preceding decade.Nasser left Sadat with a much more intricate task, but Sadat does the same to Mubarak.
Mubarak, stepping up after the assassination of Sadat, dealt with all the problems that had been passed down by Nasser and weren't taken care of by Sadat.He was concerned with Egypt's problems in a way that Sadat had not been.His approach was that `no one should rely on the efforts of the government alone, we are all citizens with equal rights and duties.'This definitely diverged from Sadat's claims ands pretensions.Mubarak had to fix relations with Moscow after Sadat had ordered the expulsion of the Soviet ambassador and six members of the embassy in September 1981.Mubaraks purpose was to restore calmness, and with security as his priority, to keep under control any potential challenges from within to his rule.Mubarak tried to keep the tension between Egypt and the other Arab states to a tolerable level by eliminating abusive rhetoric and by avoiding policies which Arab countries would find provocative.He restored relations with President Hafez Assad of Syria, who was deeply hostile to he peace treaty with Israel that was enacted by Sadat.Mubarak is a good example for McDermotts goal of elucidating how each president differed.Differentiation wasn't just his primary objective; he wanted the readers to view how this differentiation in action produced a different nation with each president.As a result we see that Mubarak varied his approach towards opposition groups, consequently he gained their respect unlike Sadat who just battled with them.
A strong point in this book is the efficiency that McDermott implements with every example.He achieves his objective by characterizing each president separately and proving that they each affected Egypt in a positive and negative manner.Then he goes on to elucidate how the succeeding preceding deal with these oncoming dilemmas that were past by from their predecessors. ... Read more

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Chapters: Paul Galvin, Kevin Doyle, Roy O'donovan, Terry Mcdermott, Shane Long, George O'callaghan, Dave Mooney, Eamon O'keefe, Trevor Brooking, Darren Murphy, Micky Mellon, Alan Bennett, Colin Healy, Chic Charnley, Liam Kearney, Damien Delaney, Stephen O'flynn, Gerry Mccabe, Darragh Ryan, Gareth Farrelly, Joe Gamble, Greg O'halloran, Steve Johnson, Liam O'brien, Denis Behan, Robbie Hedderman, Tommy Gaynor, Phil Harrington, Paul Wimbleton, Lawrie Dudfield, Jason Kabia, Neale Fenn, Billy Woods, Dougie Bell, Danny Murphy, Dan Murray, Pat Morley, Ian Hutchinson, Patrick Sullivan, Danny Crainie, Michael Devine, Dan Connor, Alan Dodd, Andrew Packer, Neal Horgan, John O'flynn, Admir Softić, Craig Nelson, Cillian Lordan, Kevin Long, Dave Mulcahy, Ollie Cahill, Former Cork City F.c. Players, David Meyler, Phillip Mccloy, Osvaldo Lopes, Alan O'neill, Brian Barry-Murphy, Fahrudin Kudozović, Stephen O'donnell, David Nicholls, Mark Mcnulty, Gareth Cambridge, Shane Guthrie, Anthony Whelan, Vinny Sullivan, Colin O'brien, Ray Lally, Peter Cunningham, Davin O'neill, Dave Hill, Gerald Dobbs, Tim Kiely, Tim Dalton, Roberts Mežeckis, Shane Duggan, Derek Coughlan, Gareth Cronin, Craig Duggan, Colm Carroll, Cathal Lordan, Sean Kelly, Tony Eeles, Brian O'callaghan, Conor O'grady. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 283. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: 1998-present FinugeLixnaw Paul Galvin (born 2 November 1979 in Lixnaw, County Kerry) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Finuge, his divisional side Feale Rangers and has been a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team since 2003. Galvin had the honour of being named as the 1000th All-Star. Galvin plays his club football with his local club Finuge and with his divisional side Feale Rangers and has enjoyed much success....More: http://booksllc.net/?id=7033366 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Paul Galvin, Philip Mccloy, Dominic Iorfa, David Meyler, Terry Mcdermott, Kevin Doyle, Alan Bennett, Trevor Brooking, Shane Long. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Paul Galvin, né le 15 février 1980 à Finuge dans le Comté de Kerry, est un joueur irlandais de football gaélique du club de Lixnaw GAA et du Comté de Kerry. Il joue ailier droit en équipe de Comté. Il a gagné par trois fois le All Ireland avec le Comté de Kerry. Il a gagné quatre All-Ireland et quatre championnats du Munster. Galvin a été nommé trois fois All-Star et connait la consécration en étant élu meilleur joueur de football gaélique pour la saison 2009. Paul Galvin débute le football gaélique dans le club de son village de naissance Finuge GAA. Il a aussi joué au hurling à Lixnaw GAA. Il remporte son premier titre en 2002 quand Finuge gagne le championnat du Kerry en catégorie junior puis le championnat du Munster dans la même catégorie d'âge. Il recommence la même performance l'année suivante. Passé senior, Galvin joue pour le club de Feale Rangers. L'équipe se hisse en finale du championnat du Kerry et la remporte pour la première fois en 27 ans. Paul Galvin rejoint l'équipe senior de Kerry GAA au début des années 2000, mais doit attendre quelques années pour faire partie du 15 titulaire. En 2003 il fait une entrée remarquée en temps que remplaçant lors de la finale du championnat du Munster contre Limerick GAA. Il gagne ainsi son premier trophée senior. Dans la foulée et après une victoire contre Roscommon GAA, Kerry se qualifie pour la demi-finale du All-Ireland contre Tyrone GAA. Après avoir été éliminés rapidement lors des deux championnats précédents, Kerry était prêt à se racheter et étaient donnés comme favoris avant l...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more