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This digital document is an article from World Education Encyclopedia, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 3554 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.This country-by-country survey of educational systems provides detailed essays on the histories, legal foundations, and primary and secondary educational systems of 233 countries. This edition provides up-to-date coverage of reorganized educational systems and technological advances. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 2421 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices provides information on current religious practices around the world with an emphasis on how religions impact the daily lives of their followers. Included are detailed entries on 13 major religions, such as Christianity and Islam, and entries on 28 religious subgroups, such as Shi'ites or Baptists.Provides Date of Origin, Dietary Practices, Number of Followers, Social Aspects, Controversial Issues, Major Theologians and Authors, Cultural Impact, Houses of Worship, Holy Places, What is Sacred, Rituals, Rites of Passage, Festivals and Holidays, Membership, Social Justice, Modes of Dress and Founder.Also includes significant religions in 193 countries that detail History, Political Impact, Other Religions, Religious Tolerance and more. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 5263 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Advances in technology continue to accelerate the pace at which people and companies are doing business with entities in foreign countries. As a result, the demand for comprehensive, up-to-date economic information about foreign companies has increased as well. The Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies satisfies this immediate need and provides a thorough understanding of the current and historical economic development of foreign nations. Clearly arranged by country within broad geographic regions, the Worldmark Encyclopedia of National Economies provides accurate, in-depth analysis of each country's economic environment, reliable statistics on the country's current economic conditions and trends and key demographics of the nation's citizens. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Countries and Their Cultures, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 2492 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Covers the broad range of popular religious culture of the United States at the close of the twentieth century. Beliefs, practices, symbols, traditions, movements, organizations, and leaders from the many traditions in the pluralistic American community are represented. Also includes cults and phenomena that drew followers, such as Heaven's Gale and UFOs. ... Read more

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National Cleansing examines the prosecution of more than one-hundred thousand suspected war criminals and collaborators by Czech courts and tribunals after the Second World War. As the first comprehensive history of postwar Czech retribution, this book provides a new perspective on Czechoslovakia's transition from Nazi occupation to Stalinist rule in the turbulent decade from the Munich Pact of September 1938 to the Communist coup d'état of February 1948. Based on archival sources that remained inaccessible during the Cold War, National Cleansing demonstrates retributions central role in the postwar power struggle and the contemporary expulsion of the Sudeten Germans. In contrast to general histories of postwar Czechoslovakia, which portray retribution as little more than Communist-inspired political justice, this book illustrates that the prosecution of collaborators and war criminals represented a genuine, if flawed, attempt to confront the crimes of the past, including those committed by the Czechs themselves. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Communism as Retribution for the Retributors?
First, let me state my firm belief that real war criminals from this era deserve the utmost condemnation and punishment proportionate to their crimes; and that Nazi collaborationists also deserve appropriate oppobrium, rather than the neglect or even hero status they've assumed in so much of post cold war Europe.

That said, the Czech example, as described in often sickening detail by Professor Frommer, shows a cure as putrid as the disease it purported to treat.The mass and brutal expulsion of Germans from the Sudetenland and other Czech areas - and the lesser expulsion of Hungarians from Slovakia - was a clear example of ethnic cleansing, the kind of human rights atrocity which Western states now profess to be a crime against humanity, justifying invasion and bombing of said perpetrators.At this date, however, all is rationalized from the local level to UN chambers under the rubric of "population transfer."The brutality of the war seems to have entered the souls of the victors at all levels, provoking amnesia as to what exactly they had been fighting for and against.

I gave the book four instead of five stars, because I disagree with Professor Frommer on one vital point: his repeated statements that the National Committees "undermined Czech freedom and democracy."These committees were grass-roots government bodies, similar to New England town councils, and as such they naturally reflected the values - or lack thereof - of the Czech people.It would seem that the critics of the committees disliked them precisely because they were *too* free and democratic for their taste, as the building blocks of a "New Czechoslovakia."Admittedly their populist angst led to racist violence, but there's no evidence that official Czech government structures would have been any more fair if - perhaps - less sadistic.Far from being part of a "Communist plot," the committees were largely staffed by party followers of "bourgeois liberal" President Edvard Benes.Considering how easily the Nazis absorbed the formal Czech instiutions of government into their own administration, and used them in occupation with so little resistance, the necessity of new institutions separate from these older corrupted structures is entirely logical, and in my view justified.

Which of course does not justify the racist violence that swept the Czechlands and was no different in essence from what the Nazis had done.Today this "wild expulsion" is blown off as just a "Communist thing," but as Frommer clearly shows it was Benes who conceived this plan, and urged the utmost violence to create a "pure" Czech and Slovak state.One must also wonder at a possible connection between this "transfer" and the expulsion of Arabs from Jewish Palestine in 1948: Czechoslovakia was infant Israel's greatest arms supplier during its Independence War, and no doubt details of the treatment of "enemy nationals" who "had no place" was passed along with the gun crates.

Unfortunately, this episode dispels the myth of Czech "liberal tolerance", as opposed to "backward" East European ethnics like Serbs or Croats.Even if not so overtly anti-Semitic, Czechs are also bearers of the same poisonous ethno-nationalism that still festers beneath the democratic facades of modern Europe.One indeed must wonder: if the "collaborators" of this era deserved such rough justice, then perhaps the loss of Czech democracy in 1948, and 41 years of Communism, were likewise just retribution for these postwar atrocities. ... Read more

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Chapters: Jewish Slovak History, Jews From Carpathian Ruthenia, Slovak Jews, Synagogues in Slovakia, Rudolf Vrba, List of Czech and Slovak Jews, Robert Maxwell, Ján Kadár, Herbert Thomas Mandl, David Weiss Halivni, Joseph Goldberger, Ivan Reitman, Richard Réti, Haviva Reik, History of the Jews in Slovakia, Filip Müller, Shlomo Breznitz, Polányi, Alfréd Wetzler, Orthodox Synagogue in Košice, Topoľčany Pogrom, Ernest Klein, Ladislav Hecht, Daniel Lipšic, Pressburg Yeshiva, Alfred Tauber. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 117. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Rudolf "Rudi" Vrba, born Walter Rosenberg (September 11, 1924 March 27, 2006) was a Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology at the University of British Columbia. He came to public attention in 1944 when, in April that year, he and a friend, Alfréd Wetzler, escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp and passed information to the Allies about the mass murder that was taking place there. The 32 pages of information the men dictated to horrified Jewish officials in Slovakia became known as the Vrba-Wetzler report. It was the first detailed information about the camp to reach the Allies that they accepted as credible. Details from the report were broadcast on June 15, 1944 by the BBC, and on June 20 by The New York Times, prompting world leaders to appeal to Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy to halt the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, which had been proceeding at a rate of 12,000 a day. After 475,000 had already been deported, the mass deportations were stopped on July 9, 1944, saving up to 200,000 from the gas chambers. The timing of the report's distribution remains a source of controversy. It was made available to officials in Hungary and elsewhere before the deportations to Auschwitz had begun, but was not dissemina...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=5043162 ... Read more

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The history of Slovakia is part of the rich tapestry of the course of human events at the geographical and strategic crossroads of Europe. Yet, very little contemporary scholarship on Slovak history exists in English or is readily accessible to North American and Western European readers. This title thus fills an important gap in historiography and knowledge of events throughout Central Europe over the last fourteen centuries.

For over 30 years Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers has produced the highest quality Latin and ancient Greek books. From Dr. Seuss books in Latin to Plato's Apology, Bolchazy-Carducci's titles help readers learn about ancient Rome and Greece; the Latin and ancient Greek languages are alive and well with titles like Cicero's De Amicitia and Kaegi's Greek Grammar. We also feature a line of contemporary eastern European and WWII books.

Some of the areas we publish in include:

Selections From The Aeneid
Latin Grammar & Pronunciation
Greek Grammar & Pronunciation
Texts Supporting Wheelock's Latin
Classical author workbooks: Vergil, Ovid, Horace, Catullus, Cicero
Vocabulary Cards For AP Selections: Vergil, Ovid, Catullus, Horace
Greek Mythology
Greek Lexicon
Slovak Culture And History ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

A masterpiece of scholarship
The collaborative effort of Dusan Skvarna, Julius Bartl, Viliam Cicaj, Maria Kohutova, Robert Letz, and Vladimir Seges, Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon is a highly methodical presentation of Slovak history, ranging from primeval times to 2000 A.D., while highlighting and summarizing key historical events throughout the descending centuries. Also included is a concisely written and plainly presented lexicon of historical figures and terms key to Slovakia. Enhanced with appendices providing genealogies and leadership lists for ruling royal dynasties and republican regimes, Slovak History is a masterpiece of scholarship. Deftly translated into English by David Daniel and prepared for an American readership by English Language Editor Albert Devine, Slovak History is a tautly written reference excellent for basic research and quick lookup of facts. ... Read more

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Chapters: The Holocaust in Slovakia, Rudolf Vrba, Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl, Alois Brunner, History of the Jews in Slovakia, Hlinka Guard, Topoľčany Pogrom, Hanns Ludin, Pressburg Yeshiva, Gisi Fleischmann. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 64. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Rudolf "Rudi" Vrba, born Walter Rosenberg (September 11, 1924 March 27, 2006) was a Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology at the University of British Columbia. He came to public attention in 1944 when, in April that year, he and a friend, Alfréd Wetzler, escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp and passed information to the Allies about the mass murder that was taking place there. The 32 pages of information the men dictated to horrified Jewish officials in Slovakia became known as the Vrba-Wetzler report. It was the first detailed information about the camp to reach the Allies that they accepted as credible. Details from the report were broadcast on June 15, 1944 by the BBC, and on June 20 by The New York Times, prompting world leaders to appeal to Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy to halt the deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz, which had been proceeding at a rate of 12,000 a day. After 475,000 had already been deported, the mass deportations were stopped on July 9, 1944, saving up to 200,000 from the gas chambers. The timing of the report's distribution remains a source of controversy. It was made available to officials in Hungary and elsewhere before the deportations to Auschwitz had begun, but was not disseminated further until weeks later. Vrba believed that more lives could have been saved if it had been publicized sooner, reasoning that, had Hungary's Jews known they were to be killed in the gas chambersand not resettled, as the Nazis were telling themthey might have chosen to run or ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=5043162 ... Read more

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Until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Slovakia's identity seemed inextricably linked with that of the former state. This book explores the key moments and themes in the history of Slovakia from the Duchy of Nitra's ninth-century origins to the establishment of independent Slovakia at midnight 1992-1993. Leading scholars chart the gradual ethnic awakening of the Slovaks during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation and examine how Slovak national identity took shape with the codification of standard literary Slovak in 1843 and the subsequent development of the Slovak national movement. They show how, after a thousand years of Magyar-Slovak coexistence, Slovakia became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic from 1918-1939 and shed new light on its role as a Nazi client state as well as on the postwar developments leading up to full statehood in the aftermath of the collapse of Communism in 1989. There is no comparable book in English on the subject. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Cities of the World, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 6359 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.A compilation of current information on cultural, geographic, and political conditions in 193 countries and their cities covering six continents, based on the Department of State's Post Reports. ... Read more

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History of Slovakia,Slavic peoples,Samo,Principality ofNitra,Great Moravia,Czechoslovak Republic (1918 -1938),Slovak Republic (1939 - 1945),Slovak invasion ofPoland (1939),Slovak National Uprising,Origins ofCzechoslovakia,History of Slovak,Slovaks inCzechoslovakia(1918 ? 1938),Slovaks in Czechoslovakia (1960 - 1990) ... Read more