Hardware Components: Buses Several different types of buses are used on Apple by a method called asynchronousserial communications drives, and other devices without hardware modification http://www.millbury.k12.ma.us/~hs/techrepair/busses.html
Extractions: General Information: Function and Description : Printed circuit boards are made of strips of multi-layered copper called traces placed by a printing and etching process on flat pieces of fiberglass or other material that is stiff and does not conduct electricity. Through these wires or traces, a CPU talks to memory, expansions boards, keyboards, etc. It communicates via the metal circuitry (metal traces or the silver lines you see) on the motherboard by shooting electrons along the thin metal traces. Instead of connecting each chip to the processor, sharing wires between these elements became the idea for the bus connection. Bus is an communication standard, an agreement about how to build boards that can work with a standard PC. Unfortunately there is more than one standard for many reasons. Basically, a bus is the common pathway across which data travels in a computer. A bus is defined by a set of specifcations. The bus is a series of interconnecting electrical leads which carry signals. The bus design can further be broken down into bus sections. The internal bus (main bus, proccessor bus) section
USB Technology 2.0 Update 2002 Desktop and Mobile PC Design 2001 External buses 2000. EnhancedHost Controller Interface Specification for Universal serial Bus This link http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/bus/usb/default.asp
Extractions: Register Now! USB provides an expandable, hot-pluggable Plug and Play serial interface that ensures a standard, low-cost connection for peripheral devices such as keyboards, mice, joysticks, printers, scanners, storage devices, modems, and video conferencing cameras. Migration to USB is recommended for all peripheral devices that use legacy ports such as the PS/2, serial, and parallel ports. USB 2.0 and Windows USB 2.0 and Windows . USB 2.0 drivers are available on Windows Update See also: Availability of USB 2.0 Support in Windows XP SP1 in the Microsoft Knowledge Base. Click on selection below: White Papers FAQ for USB Storage Support in Windows
Extractions: Assembler Basic C for Microcontrollers Java, Forth, UML Others: Applications Embedded Operating Systems Chip Design Hardware Design ... Market Research Search: All Products Books Magazines Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD Baby Electronics Software Outdoor Living Wireless Phones Keywords: Parallel Port Serial Port USB Using the world of micro-controller-managed serial buses, this user-friendly guide offers comprehensive coverage of the theory essential to design the best possible communications bus for any application. Examines typical industrial and consumer applications and offers examples of modular solutions at various levels of complexity, in four sections on protocol, components, applications (with complete circuit diagrams), and development tools . The accompanying disk contains software for the I2C bus. Buy this book from:
EA Library: Standards Topics IEEE 1394 HighPerformance serial buses Standards, by Zayante Inc TopicsHardware Configuration Management Standards USB, by USB Implementers Forum http://ealibrary.bitpipe.com/data/rlist?t=soft_10_100&sort_by=title
Intel® 1394 Technology Content Protection for IEEE 1394 serial buses (1394cont.pdf; 128Kb) byC. Brendan S. Traw. Brendan describes the proposed 1394 content http://www.intel.com/technology/1394/papers.htm
Extractions: Content Protection for IEEE 1394 Serial Buses 1394cont.pdf ; 128Kb) by C. Brendan S. Traw. Brendan describes the proposed 1394 content protection scheme for IEEE 1394 serial buses. He describes the encryption techniques, key exchanges, and other aspects necessary for the protection of high-value digital content.
Inside The Labs - Hardware Reviews - CNET.com PCI Express is a hotpluggable, serial I/O interconnect bus (PCI and AGP are parallelbuses) with a potential hardware Weekly, Cool Gear Weekly, http://businessweek.cnet.com/hardware/0-8079207-8-20509040-1.html
Extractions: Longtime PC users know better than to get too attached to their systems. Before you realize it, the technology in your desktop is outdated and too slow for the latest and greatest components and applications. Worse yet, some technologies simply fade away, making peripheral upgrades impossiblelook at what happened to ISA and VL-bus expansion slots. Well, get ready for not one, not two, but three new technologies for desktops that will render your current PC obsolete. The first of the new technologies that you are likely to see is AGP 8X, the final speed step for the accelerated graphics port before it too starts fading away in 2004 (see PCI Express below). A single expansion slot on a system motherboard, AGP provides a fast and direct connection between a graphics card and system memory. AGP 8X supports a potential throughput of more than 2.1GB per secondtwice the speed of today's AGP 4X solutions.
Hardware Tutorial Computer buses Review. The current most usedbus on an Intel Based PC is the _ bus. http://members.aol.com/sigbn95/exam6.htm
Extractions: ISA PCI EISA VESA The primary factors which make a ISA expansion bus less popular than an VESA or PCI bus are Speed and bus width (in bits). the ISA slows the total performance. the ISA can transfer at a maximum of 8 MB/s. All the above are true. The one item for which you want support for future enhancements in you PC at work and at home is ISA expansion slots. EISA expansion slots. Universal Serial Bus (USB). Multi-Media Extensions. If you have a PCI Local Bus and an integrated ISA bus, the ISA bus must interface to and be controlled by the CPU. PCI Local Bus Controller. VESA Local Bus Controller. Master Bus Controller. Which of the bollowing is a 32-bit bus, capable of interfacing to a system bus with a 33MHz speed? ISA bus. EISA bus. VESA Local Bus. None of the above. A motherboard with a "Single Edge Contact (S.E.C)" microprocessor (CPU) slot can accept a microprocessor. AMD K5 Pentium II Pentium Pro Cyrix M2 ... All of the above. The parts of a motherboard that will determine the types of memory you can install include expansion slots, cpu, and cache.
Interrupts And Timers In Hardware Requirements RTC registers must be directly accessible to the CPU, not at the end of serialbuses like I2C, or in devices which require special protocols for access. http://www.symbian.com/developer/techlib/v70docs/SDL_v7.0/doc_source/BasePorting
Extractions: DEVELOPER LIBRARY Developer Library Base Porting Guide and Reference Porting the base ... Hardware requirements Interrupts and timers It is expected that there will be a two level system for controlling interrupts in which some peripherals have their own interrupt control logic which feeds a single input to the primary interrupt controller. All first level interrupt sources should be selectable for either FIQ or IRQ as in modern ARM designs. The first level interrupt status bits should fit within a single 32bit register. Commonly used interrupts should be independent first level interrupts, e.g. Timers, DMA. All controller registers should be accessed with minimal delay and should not be situated on very slow buses. Two or more fine grained fast timers are required for: The timers must have a frequency of at least 1KHz, and ideally 1MHz. They do not need to be the same frequency as long as they are accurate enough for the system tick and the millisecond timer. The timer clock period must be an integral division of one second to allow an exact number of system ticks per second.
