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A classic study of an export economy... It deals with an important chapter in Anglo-Latin American economic relations, the implications of which extend far beyond the narrow confines of the subject itself. HAROLD BLAKEMORE, BRITISH BOOK NEWS His contribution is of fundamental importance... of great value to the student of 19th-century monopolies, to our knowledge of the financing and administration of a major commmodity in international trade, and tothe development of greater realism in the study of the relationship between foreign business and the national government. D.C.M. PLATT, TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT Required reading for all students of the concept of underdevelopment in Latin America and of the relationship between satellite and developed metropolitan countries. ROBERT GREENHILL, BUSINESS HISTORY The British government and economy may well waste its North Sea oil assets in the way Peru wasted its guano... This is a very good monograph and should give pause for thought. F.M.L. THOMPSON, ECONOMIC HIST REVIEW ... Read more

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Published on the occasion of the opening of the full digital edition of the autograph manuscript of Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala's Nueva coronica y buen gobierno (1615) on the website of the Royal Libary, Copenhagen, this new book by one of the world's most prominent Guaman Poma-scholars contains a survey (in English and in Spanish) of recent research. Guaman Poma dedicated his Chronicle to Philip III, King of Spain, but it has been preserved since the 18th century in the Royal Library, Copenhagen. 'Rediscovered' by modern scholarship in 1908, it was included in UNESCO's 'Memory of the World' list in 1999. Written and illustrated by a Christianised native Andean of Southern Peru, several decades after the Spanish conquest, the Nueva coronica is a complex and unique mixture of historiography and utopianism. On one hand, it contains an entirely original framework for Andean historical self-understanding, as an alternative to the colonial viewpoint.On the other hand, based upon vivid written and graphic descriptions of Andean daily life and sufferings under colonial rule, Guaman Poma formulates far-reaching proposals for reform aimed at turning the chaotic viceroyalty into a dynamic self-governed kingdom within the Spanish empire. Guaman Poma envisioned this new order as Christian, but organised in accordance with Andean economic, social, and cultural tradition. ... Read more

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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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recalling an experience
This book is quite interesting because of the hard time it was written. The author was an important Guevarista guerrilla's leader and famous Peruvian intellectual who was on prison when he wrote his book and won the Casa de las Americas (Cuba) prize for his essay. Peru is a very complex poor country with problems of political violence, mostly known for the Shinning Path. However, this book could be an important key to understand what was happening at this country during the sixties and what happened later to raise an extreme and radical movement as the Shinning Path. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Wilson Bulletin, published by Wilson Ornithological Society on June 1, 1999. The length of the article is 3701 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: A new species of antwren (Myrmotherula fjeldsaai) closely related to Myrmotherula haematonota is described from the lower tropical zone of eastern Ecuador and immediately adjacent Peru. It primarily differs from M. h. haematonota by its brown instead of red back in both sexes. New distributional data for nominate M. h. haematonota shows that it meets the new species north of the Rio Maranon, between the Rios Napo and Pastaza, with no apparently significant physical barrier between them.

Citation Details
Title: A new species in the Myrmotherula haematonota superspecies (Aves; thamnophilidae) from the western Amazonian lowlands of Ecuador and Peru.
Author: Niels Krabbe
Publication: Wilson Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: June 1, 1999
Publisher: Wilson Ornithological Society
Volume: 111Issue: 2Page: 157(9)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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Exploring one of the least-studied genocides in post-conquest South America, Robins calls into question many of the central assumptions currently held by genocide scholars. Victims of genocide usually lack the organization and weaponry to effectively battle their enemies. During the Great Rebellion the Indian revolutionaries faced the better-organized and armed loyalist army. Where as genocidal policies are usually characterized by centralized leadership, the 1780-1782 Great Rebellion in Peru and Upper Peru (now Bolivia) was highly fragmented and confederational in nature, thus undercutting the widely-held assumption that only the State is capable of committing genocide. The Rebellion is one of the rare cases when the intended victims of genocide emerged victorious. ... Read more

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Publisher: Philadelphia : Carey and HartPublication date: 1846Subjects: Peru -- History Conquest, 1522-1548Notes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be numerous typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free.This is an OCR edition with typos.Excerpt from book:CHAPTER X.ESCAPE OF THE INCA. — RETURN OF HERNANDO PIZARRO. — RISING OF THE PERUVIANS. — SIEGE AND BURNING OF CUZCO. — DISTRESSES OF THE SPANIARDS. — STORMING OF THE FORTRESS. — PIZARRO'S DISMAY. — THE INCA RAISES THE SIEGE.While the absence of his rival Almagro relieved Pizarro from all immediate disquietude from that quarter, his authority was menaced in another, where he had least expected it. This was from the native population of the country. Hitherto the Peruvians had shown only a tame and submissive temper, that inspired their conquerors with too much contempt to leave room for apprehension. They had passively acquiesced in the usurpation of the invaders, — had seen one monarch butchered, another placed on the vacant throne, their temples despoiled of their treasures, their capital and country appropriated and parcelled out among the Spaniards, but, with the exception of an occasional skirmish in the mountain-passes, not a blow had been struck in defence of their rights. Yet this was the warlike nation which had spread its conquests over so large a part of the continent !In his career, Pizarro, though he scrupled at nothing to effect his object, had not usually countenanced such Peru.— Vol. II. 4 . (37)superfluous acts of cruelty as had too often stained the arms of his countrymen in other parts of the continent, and which in the course of a few years had exterminated nearly a whole population in Hispaniola. He had struck one astounding blow, by the seizure of Atahuallpa; and he seemed willing to rely on this to strike terror into the natives. He even affected some respect for the institutions of the country, and had replaced the monarch he had murdered by another of the legitimate line. Yet this was but a pretext. The kingdom had experienced a revolution of... ... Read more

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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free.This is an OCR edition with typos.Excerpt from book:The Inca asserted his claims as a superior being by assuming a pomp in his manner of living well calculated to impose on his people. His dress was of the finest wool of the vicuna, richly dyed, and ornamented with a profusion of gold and precious stones. Round his head was wreathed a turban of many-coloured folds, called the llaulu; and a tasselled fringe, like that worn by the prince, but of a scarlet colour, with two feathers of a rare and curious bird, called the coraquenque, placed upright in it, were the distinguishing insignia of royalty. The birds from which these feathers were obtained were found in a desert country among the mountains; and it was death to destroy or to lake them, as they were reserved for the exclusive purpose of supplying the royal head-gear. Every succeeding monarch was provided with a new pair of these plumes, and his credulous subjects fondly believed that only two individuals of the species had ever existed to furnish the simple ornament for the diadem of the Incas. Although the Peruvian monarch was raised so far above the highest of his subjects, he condescended to mingle occasionally with them, and took great pains personally to inspect the condition of the humbler classes. He presided at some of the religious celebrations, and on these occasions entertained the great nobles at his table, when he complimented them, after the fashion of more civilized nations, by drinking the health of those whom he most delighted to honour.2But the most effectual means taken by the Incas for communicating with their people, were their progresses through the empire. These were conducted, at intervals of several years, with great state and magnificence. The sedan, or litter, in which they travelled, richly emblazoned with gold and emeralds, was guarded bya nu... ... Read more

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Andean Indians - Cultural Adaptation to Spanish Colonialism
I was captivated by Mario Vargas Llosa's disturbing novel, Death in the Andes. It is structurally a mystery story, but it can be best characterized as a compelling portrait of political violence in contemporary Peru. Mario Vargas Llosa is a captivating story teller and I found myself wanting to know more about the people that inhabit the harsh mountains of Peru.

"Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest - Huamanga to 1640" by Steve J. Stern exactly met my needs. This scholarly text tells the story of how conquest transformed a resilient and vigorous people into an inferior caste of Andean Indians. The geographical focus is a mountainous region in southwest Peru dominated by the city Huamanga (today known as Ayacucho, a city not too distant from the fictional town of Naccos, the setting for Death in the Andes).

The lengthy title, "Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest - Huamanga to 1640", may be a little intimidating, but the book is well-written and is largely accessible without undue effort. The first chapter paints an intriguing view of a pre-Columbian society based on complex reciprocity relationships between members of extended families or kinships called ayllus. These arrangements allowed dispersed groups to exploit isolated, island-like, ecological niches like cold high mountain pastures or low dry valleys while depending upon others for products grown or created elsewhere.

The ethnic groups native to Huamanga welcomed the overthrow of the Incas and allied themselves quickly with the victorious Spaniards. "Local communities sacked warehouses once dedicated to the discredited Incas." Chapter 2 examines the rise and subsequent demise of these post-Incaic alliances with the Spanish.

Chapter 3, "A Historical Watershed", describes the revival of Andean religious fervor (the Taki Onqoy) and an unsuccessful effort to expel the Spanish colonizers. Remarkably, the Spanish, under the formidableleadership of Don Francisco de Toledo, within a decade had dramatically revised their colonial structure, and largely eliminated any possibility of future revolt by the Andean Indians.

Chapter 4 details the political economy of colonialism in the Huamanga region while chapter 5 investigates the contentious legal battles between the Indians and the colonizing elite under the Spanish judicial system. Both chapters are intriguing, but are more difficult for the non-specialist. I was surprised by how carefully the Spanish structured the taxation system; it siphoned away the maximum wealth without completely devastating the Andean economy. The Indians resisted this economic oppression through evasion as well as by tenaciously exploiting the Spanish legal system to protect their rights.

The final three chapters explore the ways in which the Andean Indians gradually adapted to Spanish colonization and how this adaptation fostered a political economy of dependence. Stern devotes chapter 7 to the "tragedy of success", the story of the successful few that escaped the burdens of the peasantry by becoming integrated into the ruling Spanish colonial structure. The final chapter, Huamanga's colonial heritage, admits that much has changed in modern times, but argues that "the present seems to superimpose itself upon the past, not destroy it." ... Read more