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Also A Chapter On Samoset, Squanto And Hobamock, Three Early Native Friends Of The Plymouth Colonists. ... Read more

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In many previous volumes of the series, the region beyond the Alleghenies has been recognized as an influence and a potentiality in American history. Thwaites, in his "France in America," shows how the French opened up the country and prepared the way; the Tennessee and Kentucky settlements are described in Howard's "Preliminaries of the Revolution"; Van Tyne's "American Revolution" goes into the earliest western governments; McLaughlin's "Confederation and Constitution" deals with the organization of the new communities by Congress; Bassett's "Federalist System" and Channing's "Jeffersonian System" show how the diplomacy and politics of the country were affected by the appearance of a new group of equal states

Download The American Nation A History From Original Sources By Associated Scholars Now ! ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Dictionary of American History, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 711 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Focuses on cultures and countries around the world, specifically what is and is not shared culturally by the people who live in a particular country. Entries contain descriptive summaries of the country in question, including demographic, historical, cultural, economic, religious, and political information. ... Read more

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Choctaw are the largest tribe belonging to the branch of the Muskogean family that includes the Chickasaw, Creek (Muscogee), and Seminole. According to oral history, the tribe originated from Nanih Waya, a sacred hill near present-day Noxapater, Mississippi. Nanih Waya means "productive or fruitful hill, or mountain." During one of their migrations, they carried a tree that would lean, and every day the people would travel in the direction the tree was leaning. They traveled east and south for sometime until the tree quit leaning, and the people stopped to make their home at this location, in present-day Mississippi. The people have made difficult transitions throughout their history. In 1830, the Choctaw who were removed by the United States from their southeastern U.S. homeland to Indian Territory became known as the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Great pictures, makes a great gift
There are lots of great old black and white photos here, most dated and their subjects identified. This would be a great gift for the amateur genealogist or anyone interested in Oklahoma or Choctaw history. It's a thin volume, not intended for serious research or scholarship. I liked the modern photos, including poet Leanne Howe but not sure why the author felt compelled to include pictures of Reba McIntire and Lane Frost, neither of whom is Choctaw.

The only complaint I have is the author did not expand his search beyond Choctaw territory and left out Choctaws in urban areas and other parts of the state. A casual reader might think all Choctaw people live only in this small area of the state.

Recommended. ... Read more

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Though not as well known as the U.S. military campaigns against the Apache, the ethnic warfare conducted against indigenous people of the Southern Colorado River Basin was equally devastating. In less than twenty-five years after first encountering Anglos, the Hualapais had lost more than half their population and nearly all their land and found themselves consigned to a reservation.



This book focuses on the historical construction of the Hualapai Nation in the face of modern American colonialism. Drawing on archival research, interviews, and participant observation, Jeffrey Shepherd describes how thirteen bands of extended families known as The Pai confronted American colonialism and in the process recast themselves as a modern Indigenous nation.

Shepherd shows that Hualapai nation-building was a complex process shaped by band identities, competing visions of the past, creative reactions to modernity, and resistance to state power. He analyzes how the Hualapais transformed an externally imposed tribal identity through nationalist discourses of protecting aboriginal territory; and he examines how that discourse strengthened the Hualapais’ claim to land and water while simultaneously reifying a politicized version of their own history. Along the way, he sheds new light on familiar topics—Indian–white conflict, the creation of tribal government, wage labor, federal policy, and Native activism—by applying theories of race, space, historical memory, and decolonization.

Drawing on recent work in American Indian history and Native American studies, Shepherd shows how the Hualapai have strived to reclaim a distinct identity and culture in the face of ongoing colonialism. We Are an Indian Nation is grounded in Hualapai voices and agendas while simultaneously situating their history into the larger tapestry of Native peoples’ confrontations with colonialism and modernity. ... Read more

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Fantastic book
I am from this area and know many of the families and people who gave interviews for this book.What makes this book great is that the author made sure he worked WITH the tribe and had their complete approval on how he told their story. This book is a vital piece of history as well as a tribute to the Hualapai Nation. ... Read more

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The Indian's grace and aptness of gesture, also, in a measure, bespeak and proclaim commanding oratory. The power, moreover, which with the Indian resides in mere gesture, as a medium for disclosing and laying bare the thoughts of his mind, is truly remarkable. Observe the Indian interpreter in Court, while in the exercise of that branch of his duty which requires that the evidence of an English-speaking witness or, at all events, that portion of it which would seem to inculpate the prisoner at the bar, or bear upon his crime, shall be given to him in his own tongue; and, having been intent upon getting at the drift of the testimony, mark how dexterously the interpreter brings gesture and action into play, wherever the narration involves unusual incident or startling episode, provoking their use! ... Read more

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Gathered here are the oral accounts that the Elders have been recording for 50 years, representing over 150 years of history, all meticulously translated from Gwich'in. This is a collection of oral history accounts detailing the history of the people of the northern Yukon going back to the mid-1800s. ... Read more

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Sure to garner praise and awards as it crosses genres and fulfills many obligations
"People of the Lakes: Stories of Our Van Tat Gwich'in Elders/ Googwandak Nakhwach'anjoo Van Tat Gwich'in" is an amassing of oral accounts of Gwich'in Elders and the Van Tat Gwich'in which contains stories form four or more generations of Van Tat Gwich'in born in the century span from the 1880's to the 1980's. Some stories which are described as "long -ago" may go back as far as many centuries more. Context for the stories is provided by collaborator Shirleen Smith, Anthropology professor from the University of Alberta. Studded with more than 125 color photographs and more black and white photos, "People of the Lakes" is both a meticulous translation of over 150 years of Gwich'in history and a hailed tribute to the Van Tat Gwich'in community and its heritage. From the transcribing of this shared knowledge, which is priceless, can only come further enrichment of all inheriting cultures who occupy the territory of the "People of the Lakes." A great contribution also to the field of Native American Studies, "People of the Lakes" is a trendsetter and a ground breaker for anthropologists, ethnohistorians, and others interested in the northern regions of Canada and North America. A helpful Glossary is provided at the end of the book that translates from Gwich'in to English and the reverse. The text ;is further enhanced by the presence of various maps and historic photographs, each carefully documented. "People of the Lakes" is sure to garner praise and awards as it crosses genres and fulfills many obligations.
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The Cherokee Nation is one of the largest and most important of all the American Indian tribes. The first history of the Cherokees to appear in over four decades, this is also the first to be endorsed by the tribe and the first to be written by a Cherokee.

Robert Conley begins his survey with Cherokee origin myths and legends. He then explores their relations with neighboring Indian groups and European missionaries and settlers. He traces their forced migrations west, relates their participations on both sides of the Civil War and the wars of the twentieth century, and concludes with an examination of Cherokee life today.

Conley provides analyses for general readers of all ages to learn the significance of tribal lore and Cherokee tribal law. Following the history is a listing of the Principal Chiefs of the Cherokees with a brief biography of each and separate listings of the chiefs of the Eastern Cherokees and the Western Cherokees. For those who want to know more about Cherokee heritage and history, Conley offers additional reading lists at the end of each chapter.

"Conley speaks with a clear Cherokee Indian voice to show how his tribe's cultural characteristics have survived centuries of abrupt change."--The Cherokee Advocate

"[Robert Conley is] in the ranks of N. Scott Momaday, Louise Erdrich, James Welch or W. P. Kinsella as interpreters of the many facets of the Native American experience."--Fort Worth Star-Telegram ... Read more

Customer Reviews (5)

Good overview of Cherokee History
This is an excellent, clear and well-written review of the History of the Cherokees, especially since the arrival of the Europeans. Conley does touch on the history before that, but information is sketchy and mostly legend and conjecture. This is a highly useful volume for both the casual reader and historians who do not specialize on the Cherokee. The author has written some seventy volumes on the Cherokee. All are useful and enjoyable reads.

Useful introduction to the tribe for students
This book was commissioned by the Cherokee tribe, and written by a tribal member who has written 70 books.If you're wondering how thorough an author can be if he's written that many books, well, that's a good thing to wonder.

The book is designed for students.Each chapter has a glossary at its end, and the glossary really doesn't assume that students know anything at all.Each chapter also has a list of a few additional suggested readings.It emphasizes the main line of Cherokee history that ends up in Oklahoma, and it's not very good if you're interested in the Eastern Band that remained in North Carolina after the Trail of Tears.

Conley is overtly biased, and the book provides a pro-Cherokee standpoint.Still, within this perspective, he admits of divisions within the tribe--Conley does not feel obliged to paper over differences.However, he doesn't dig too deeply into those differences.

While the early chapters provide more analysis, the later chapters turn into lists of events, without interpretation.For example, Conley provides a brief factual history of the disputed three-way election that led to Joe Byrd becoming chief.The Byrd administration strongly resisted audits or investigations by members of the tribal council, leading to a large political crisis that included dismissal of the tribal marshals, boycotts of the council, and an election overseen by the Carter Center.Conley describes these events but doesn't tell us what's going on - - is this simply a matter of a corrupt coalition taking on a clean government coalition?Or two corrupt coalitions fighting over spoils?Is this associated with divisions between traditionalists and modernists?These are pretty obvious questions but Conley doesn't begin to suggest any answers.

His lack of critical perspective also evident in discussing W. W. Keeler, chief from 1949 to 1975.Keeler was both a tribal member and a high-level executive for Phillips Petroleum, eventually becoming Phillips' president and CEO.He was a politically-active Republican and eventually implicated in a Nixon scandal over illegal campaign contributions.He was chosen chief nine consecutive times during this period, appointed eight times by the federal government and elected by the tribe in his last term.It's not too hard to connect the dots here, but Conley doesn't go anywhere near the real story.

So, there are plenty of gaps and questions about the history that Conley has given us.There are also better books on parts of the tribe's story - - many books on the Trail of Tears, and Fingers' books on the Eastern Band come to mind.Nonetheless, the book provides a good start for anyone interested in the Cherokee tribe over its entire history, both before and after the Trail of Tears.If you're a teacher, this book would give your students an introduction to the topic while providing a foundation for further discussion.

Highly Recommended
Conley's book, "The Cherokee Nation: A History" is an eminently readable, concise but thoughtful account of the Cherokee people from prehistoric times up to the present day. The book is formatted in such a way as to make it an ideal text for high school and college classes. At the end of each chapter is a source list and suggestions for further reading. Also at the end of each chapter is an unusual but helpful feature- a glossary of key terms. The book contains interesting maps, photographs and drawings, along with a list of chiefs for the various factions of the Cherokee tribe and nation.

In addition to being easily understood, a principal strength of the book is that the author questions some traditional beliefs and sources about the Cherokee past without appearing to be a revisionist or an individual with an agenda in his writing. One such example is when Conley tells the story of Alexander Cuming, an Englishman who took seven Cherokee men with him to England in 1730. One of the Cherokee, Oukanekah, is recorded as having said to the King of England: "We look upon the Great King George as the Sun, and as our Father, and upon ourselves as his children. For though we are red, and you are white our hands and hearts are joined together..." Conley wonders if Oukanekah actually said these things and points out that the only version we have of this story is the English version. There is nothing to indicate if Oukanekah spoke in English or Cherokee, or if his words were recorded at the time they were spoken or were written down later. Conley also points out that in Cherokee culture, the Sun was considered female, so it is curious that King George would be looked upon as the Sun. The "redness" of Native American skin was a European perception. The Cherokee would have described themselves as brown. But Conley does not overly dwell on these things. He continues to tell the story using the sources available.

The one weakness of the book is shared by almost all history texts that attempt to document events to the present day. The last two or three chapters tend to read a bit superficially, more like history's first draft rather than how the rest of the book reads. In these last chapters, Conley's writing takes on a political bent, with harsh criticism of Chief Joe Byrd. The book portrays Byrd's successor, Chad Smith, in a heroic light. Conley's criticism of federal government involvement in the clash between the two factions also seems a bit shallow. The reader may feel as though he is not getting the full story, though there are some terribly autocratic quotes attributed to Joe Byrd.

The skill of Conley in communicating his ideas never diminishes, however. This book is highly recommended as a good place to start the study of Cherokee history. It serves as excellent reference material and belongs in the library of anyone serious about the study of Native Americans.

Outstanding Read for anyone interested in a complete cherokee history
This book is truly remarkable for anyone interested in a thorough history of the Cherokee people. I would recommend it for academic and recreational reading alike.

A documented historical survey of the Cherokee people
On September 6, 2005, the Cherokee Nation will observe the 66th anniversary of the adoption of its constitution, but the Cherokee tribe itself has survived since prehistory, and in the 19th and 20th centuries, found itself having to cope with land cessation, forcible relocation, and bloody wars, as it evolved to become one of the largest and most influential of the Native American tribes within the continental United States. In The Cherokee Nation: A History, Robert J. Conley (who is an enrolled member of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokees and lives in Tahlequah, Oklahoma) provides the reader with a documented historical survey of the Cherokee people from their origins in the Old South, through forced relocation west along the infamous "Trail of Tears", to the formation of a sovereign government which negotiated treaties with the United States government. The Cherokee Nation brings the history of these enduring Native Americans up to the present day, complete with recent political trends, as well as economic contributions of the Cherokee. Presenting a wonderfully informative and readable text, The Cherokee Nation is enhanced for academia and non-specialist general readers with the inclusion of a number of appendices including "Principals Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation"; "Chiefs of the Western Cherokees"; Chiefs of the Texas Cherokees"; The Confederate Cherokee Nation and Chief Stand Watie"; "Chiefs of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians"; Chiefs of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians"; Cherokee Nation Treaties"; and "Western Cherokee Treaties". The Cherokee Nation is a seminal work of superb historical scholarship and enthusiastically recommended for personal, academic, and community library Native American Studies collections.
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With more than 50,000 enrolled members, North Carolina's Lumbee Indians are the largest Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River. Malinda Maynor Lowery, a Lumbee herself, describes how, between Reconstruction and the 1950s, the Lumbee crafted and maintained a distinct identity in an era defined by racial segregation in the South and paternalistic policies for Indians throughout the nation. They did so against the backdrop of some of the central issues in American history, including race, class, politics, and citizenship.
&9;
Lowery argues that "Indian" is a dynamic identity that, for outsiders, sometimes hinged on the presence of "Indian blood" (for federal New Deal policy makers) and sometimes on the absence of "black blood" (for southern white segregationists). Lumbee people themselves have constructed their identity in layers that tie together kin and place, race and class, tribe and nation; however, Indians have not always agreed on how to weave this fabric into a whole. Using photographs, letters, genealogy, federal and state records, and first-person family history, Lowery narrates this compelling conversation between insiders and outsiders, demonstrating how the Lumbee People challenged the boundaries of Indian, southern, and American identities.
With more than 50,000 enrolled members, North Carolina's Lumbee Indians are the largest Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River. Malinda Maynor Lowery, a Lumbee herself, describes how, between Reconstruction and the 1950s, the Lumbee crafted and maintained a distinct identity in an era defined by racial segregation in the South and paternalistic policies for Indians throughout the nation. They did so against the backdrop of some of the central issues in American history, including race, class, politics, and citizenship.
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Customer Reviews (4)

Review of Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South
Dr. Lowery's book is a significant contribution to a better understanding of America, particularly the American South, and is important in helping to break long-standing practices to "silence Indian people." Her own relationship to the subject adds depth and significance to the documentary record that the book is based on; her own recollections and family narratives are indispensable in telling the whole story of Lumbee identity.

Her portrayal of how the Lumbees developed an identity illustrates how culture and society affect our experiences and contributes to "the larger story of the American nation," particularly the effects of segregation and white supremacy that disempowered so many. As she states in her preface, "the historical evidence makes little sense without a Lumbee perspective." In addition, the book helps us to understand that as Indians affirm their identity, they are also affirming their identity as Americans.

Soon after the book was published, I asked Dr. Lowery to visit my humanities class on the American South at a N.C. community college. The students were fascinated by her examples and appalled that they (most of whom live within 90 minutes of Robeson County) had not realized that the Lumbee experiences are an important part of their culture as well and that they were so poorly informed about this cultural component of the American South. That several students have since purchased the book on their own demonstrates its value to them and lifelong learners who seek a broader and clearer focus on culture and history.

A complex and personal history of the struggle for Lumbee identity
Professor Maynor Lowery's fine history of the Lumbee experience in the Twentieth Century south is an important work.It is both a nuanced scholarly history of a frequently misunderstood and maligned group and a personal story of identity and survival from a historian who is herself from that community.Maynor Lowery effectively documents the changing and negotiated identity of the Lumbees, as both the community and outsiders applied different tribal names in attempts to define them as an Indian tribe.Maynor Lowery describes the complicated relationships within the Lumbee/Tuscarora community as well, as different groups used different strategies in the struggle to maintain independence in the face of southern racism.Maynor Lowery also documents the actions of the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the Indian Reorganization Act period not previously discussed in such detail, including the highly questionable use of then-accepted physical anthropology techniques to discern the "Indianness" of Lumbee individuals through measuring hair curliness, teeth shape, and skin tone.Ultimately, through a description of the complicated history of the Lumbees' struggle to define and maintain their distinct identity, a struggle that remains as the Lumbees continue to seek federal recognition as an Indian tribe, Maynor Lowery provokes important questions about race and what is it means to be "Indian" in Twentieth Century America.Those interested in southern race relations, federal Indian law and policy, and ethnohistory will get much out of this work.I recommend it highly.

An Authentic American Story.
Lowery has brilliantly taken the history of an under-recognized people and introduced them in such a way, that one feels a strong kinship with the Lumbee Indians well before the conclusion nears. Throughout the book, her readers are invited to take an earnest look at the struggle for identity and recognition, which spans the years of a divided South and continues to this day. Her pen passionately details important events in the tribe's timeline, and the proud characteristics of those who call themselves Lumbee. This is a must for history lovers everywhere, all who read will be enlightened.

A New Look at an Old Culture
Never heard of Lumbee Indians?How about Cherokee, Siouan,or Croatan Indians? These were some of the names applied to this significant (50,000) group of Southeastern Indians as they sought autonomy and recognition through the last 150 years.Malinda Maynor Lowery, a Lumbee herself,outlines the efforts of her people both to utilize and to overcomethe racially charged climate of the South in order to achieve educational and economic parity.Her work is throughly researched and meticulously documented, but even more important for the reader, she frames each chapter with a comfortable story ofher family and community which places her scholarship in a human, even homey, context.Extensive personal interviews and anecdotes flesh out the fascinating and moving historical account of the various ways Lumbees have tried to accommodate the Office of Indian Affairsand other government agencies.With her fresh point of view, Lowery's book would make an excellent resource for classes dealing with issues of race or poverty, as well as North Carolina history.

Some historians believe that Lumbee Indians may be descended from the Croatoans that the "Lost Colony" off Roanoke Islandfirst encountered in the sixteenth century.(That's just one of the questions of identity Lowery explores in her book.)Whatever the truth of that connection, there is no doubt that Lumbees have been around for hundreds, probably thousands, of years, and are sorely underrepresented in the historical literature.This book makes strides towards correcting that, and I am hoping we will hear morefrom Lowery in the future. ... Read more

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An experienced Native voice tells the story of Abenaki culture and history. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

The Voice of Dawn
This book is highly recommended for the historian as well as the general audience with an interest in the Abenaki Nation and what is now known as Vermont.Through careful research, Frederick Matthew Wiseman offers an in-depth autohistory of his Native American roots (which are seemingly invisible in the modern world).In addition to clear and concise narrative, he compliments the piece by his offering of photos and illustrations. This piece of writing is vital to the understanding of New England, the foundation and concepts of its very existence, a piece of the puzzle that helps to create the whole.

A good place to (re)start! - Retrouver mes ancêtres!
Un livre très bien structuré traçant de manière étonnemment efficace les grandes lignes de l'histoire et de la vie des abénaquis d'il y a 13 000 ans jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Tout y passe: la période pré-coloniale, les premiers contacts, les guerres et l'exile, la reconstruction et l'espoir en l'avenir. On retrouve également des appendices forts intéressants sur la toponymie, les herbes médicinales et sur les ressources éducatives disponibles (livres, musées, films, articles, etc.). Les notes bibliographiques et la bibliographie ouvrent la voie aux personnes qui souhaitent approfondir certains sujets plus précis. Vraiment, un excellent point de départ à toute recherche sur les abénaquis. La vie ayant malmené les liens que j'aurais pu entretenir avec mes ancêtres abénaquis, ce livre vient combler un vide important dans ma vie. Merci monsieur Wiseman!

A very well structured book that draw concisely but so efficently the history and life of abenakis from 13 000 years ago to today. Everything's there : pre-colonial period, first (heavy) contacts with europeans, wars and exile, reconstruction and hope for the present and future. The appendix are also very interesting (place name, herbal medicine, educational resources) and the bibliographical notes and bibliography are a good place to find new paths to explore. For a clear and inspiring overview of who are the abenakis, this is the book to read! For me this book have been a second chance to learn more about my ancestors even if life (or should I say death) has cut the tread that linked me with them a generation ago. Thank you Mr. Wiseman! ... Read more

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INTRODUCTORY

As knowledge of the traditions, manners, and national traits of the Indians, composing, originally, the six distinct and independent tribes of the Mohawks, Tuscaroras, Onondagas, Senecas, Oneidas, and Cayugas; tribes now merged in, and known as, the Six Nations, possibly, does not extend beyond the immediate district in which they have effected a lodgment, I have laid upon myself the task of tracing their history from the date of their settlement in the County of Brant, entering, at the same time, upon such accessory treatment as would seem to be naturally suggested or embraced by the plan I have set before me. As the essay, therefore, proposes to deal, mainly, with the contemporary history of the Indian, little will be said of his accepted beliefs, at an earlier epoch, or of the then current practices built upon, and enjoined by, his traditionary faith. Frequent visits to the Indian's Reservation, on the south bank of the Grand River, have put me in the way of acquiring oral data, which shall subserve my intention; and I shall prosecute my attempt with the greater hope of reaping a fair measure of success, since I have fortified my position with gleanings (bearing, however, solely on minor matters of fact) from some few published records, which have to do with the history of the Indian, generally, and have been the fruitful labour of authors of repute and standing, native as well as white. Should the issue of failure attend upon my effort, I shall be disposed to ascribe it to some not obscure reason connected with literary style and execution, rather than to the fact of there not having been adequate material at hand for the purpose.



THE INDIAN'S CONDITIONS OF SETTLEMENT.

The conditions which govern the Indian's occupation of his Reserve are, probably, so well known, that any extended reference under this head will be needless.

He ceded the whole of his land to the Government, this comprising, originally, a tract which pursued the entire length of the Grand River, and, accepting it as the radiating point, extended up from either side of the river for a distance of six miles, to embrace an area of that extent. The Government required the proprietary right to the land, in the event of their either desiring to maintain public highways through it themselves, or that they might be in a position to sanction, or acquiesce in, its use or expropriation by Railway Corporations, for the running of their roads; or for other national or general purposes. The surrender on the part of the Indian was not, however, an absolute one, there having been a reservation that he should have a Reservation, of adequate extent, and the fruit of the tilling of which he should enjoy as an inviolable privilege.

As regards the money-consideration for this land, the Government stand to the Indian in the relation of Trustees, accounting for, and apportioning to, him, through the agency of their officer and appointee, the Indian Superintendent, at so much _per capita_ of the population, the interest arising out of the investment of such money.

_Sales_ of lands among themselves are permissible; but these, for the most part, narrow themselves down to cases where an Indian, with the possession of a good lot, of fair extent, and with a reasonable clearing, vested in him, leaves it, to pursue some calling, or follow some trade, amongst the whites; and treats, perhaps, with some younger Indian, who, disliking the pioneer work involved in taking up some uncultured place for himself, and preferring to make settlement on the comparatively well cultivated lot, buys it.


Download A Treatise On The Six-Nation Indians Now! ... Read more

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1. I am Dekanawidah and with the Five Nations' Confederate Lords I plant the Tree of Great Peace. I plant it in your territory, Adodarhoh, and the Onondaga Nation, in the territory of you who are Firekeepers. I name the tree the Tree of the Great Long Leaves. Under the shade of this Tree of the Great Peace we spread the soft white feathery down of the globe thistle as seats for you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords. We place you upon those seats, spread soft with the feathery down of the globe thistle, there beneath the shade of the spreading branches of the Tree of Peace. There shall you sit and watch the Council Fire of the Confederacy of the Five Nations, and all the affairs of the Five Nations shall be transacted at this place before you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords, by the Confederate Lords of the Five Nations.

2. Roots have spread out from the Tree of the Great Peace, one to the north, one to the east, one to the south and one to the west. The name of these roots is The Great White Roots and their nature is Peace and Strength. If any man or any nation outside the Five Nations shall obey the laws of the Great Peace and make known their disposition to the Lords of the Confederacy, they may trace the Roots to the Tree and if their minds are clean and they are obedient and promise to obey the wishes of the Confederate Council, they shall be welcomed to take shelter beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. We place at the top of the Tree of the Long Leaves an Eagle who is able to see afar. If he sees in the distance any evil approaching or any danger threatening he will at once warn the people of the Confederacy.

3. To you Adodarhoh, the Onondaga cousin Lords, I and the other Confederate Lords have entrusted the caretaking and the watching of the Five Nations Council Fire. When there is any business to be transacted and the Confederate Council is not in session, a messenger shall be dispatched either to Adodarhoh, Hononwirehtonh or Skanawatih, Fire Keepers, or to their War Chiefs with a full statement of the case desired to be considered. Then shall Adodarhoh call his cousin (associate) Lords together and consider whether or not the case is of sufficient importance to demand the attention of the Confederate Council. If so, Adodarhoh shall dispatch messengers to summon all the Confederate Lords to assemble beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. When the Lords are assembled the Council Fire shall be kindled, but not with chestnut wood, and Adodarhoh shall formally open the Council. [ ed note: chestnut wood throws out sparks in burning, thereby creating a disturbance in the council ] Then shall Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords, the Fire Keepers, announce the subject for discussion. The Smoke of the Confederate Council Fire shall ever ascend and pierce the sky so that other nations who may be allies may see the Council Fire of the Great Peace. Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords are entrusted with the Keeping of the Council Fire.



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1. I am Dekanawidah and with the Five Nations' Confederate Lords I plant the Tree of Great Peace. I plant it in your territory, Adodarhoh, and the Onondaga Nation, in the territory of you who are Firekeepers. I name the tree the Tree of the Great Long Leaves. Under the shade of this Tree of the Great Peace we spread the soft white feathery down of the globe thistle as seats for you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords. We place you upon those seats, spread soft with the feathery down of the globe thistle, there beneath the shade of the spreading branches of the Tree of Peace. There shall you sit and watch the Council Fire of the Confederacy of the Five Nations, and all the affairs of the Five Nations shall be transacted at this place before you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords, by the Confederate Lords of the Five Nations.

2. Roots have spread out from the Tree of the Great Peace, one to the north, one to the east, one to the south and one to the west. The name of these roots is The Great White Roots and their nature is Peace and Strength. If any man or any nation outside the Five Nations shall obey the laws of the Great Peace and make known their disposition to the Lords of the Confederacy, they may trace the Roots to the Tree and if their minds are clean and they are obedient and promise to obey the wishes of the Confederate Council, they shall be welcomed to take shelter beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. We place at the top of the Tree of the Long Leaves an Eagle who is able to see afar. If he sees in the distance any evil approaching or any danger threatening he will at once warn the people of the Confederacy.

3. To you Adodarhoh, the Onondaga cousin Lords, I and the other Confederate Lords have entrusted the caretaking and the watching of the Five Nations Council Fire. When there is any business to be transacted and the Confederate Council is not in session, a messenger shall be dispatched either to Adodarhoh, Hononwirehtonh or Skanawatih, Fire Keepers, or to their War Chiefs with a full statement of the case desired to be considered. Then shall Adodarhoh call his cousin (associate) Lords together and consider whether or not the case is of sufficient importance to demand the attention of the Confederate Council. If so, Adodarhoh shall dispatch messengers to summon all the Confederate Lords to assemble beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. When the Lords are assembled the Council Fire shall be kindled, but not with chestnut wood, and Adodarhoh shall formally open the Council. [ ed note: chestnut wood throws out sparks in burning, thereby creating a disturbance in the council ] Then shall Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords, the Fire Keepers, announce the subject for discussion. The Smoke of the Confederate Council Fire shall ever ascend and pierce the sky so that other nations who may be allies may see the Council Fire of the Great Peace. Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords are entrusted with the Keeping of the Council Fire.

4. You, Adodarhoh, and your thirteen cousin Lords, shall faithfully keep the space about the Council Fire clean and you shall allow neither dust nor dirt to accumulate. I lay a Long Wing before you as a broom. As a weapon against a crawling creature I lay a staff with you so that you may thrust it away from the Council Fire. If you fail to cast it out then call the rest of the United Lords to your aid.


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1. I am Dekanawidah and with the Five Nations' Confederate Lords I plant the Tree of Great Peace. I plant it in your territory, Adodarhoh, and the Onondaga Nation, in the territory of you who are Firekeepers. I name the tree the Tree of the Great Long Leaves. Under the shade of this Tree of the Great Peace we spread the soft white feathery down of the globe thistle as seats for you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords. We place you upon those seats, spread soft with the feathery down of the globe thistle, there beneath the shade of the spreading branches of the Tree of Peace. There shall you sit and watch the Council Fire of the Confederacy of the Five Nations, and all the affairs of the Five Nations shall be transacted at this place before you, Adodarhoh, and your cousin Lords, by the Confederate Lords of the Five Nations.

2. Roots have spread out from the Tree of the Great Peace, one to the north, one to the east, one to the south and one to the west. The name of these roots is The Great White Roots and their nature is Peace and Strength. If any man or any nation outside the Five Nations shall obey the laws of the Great Peace and make known their disposition to the Lords of the Confederacy, they may trace the Roots to the Tree and if their minds are clean and they are obedient and promise to obey the wishes of the Confederate Council, they shall be welcomed to take shelter beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. We place at the top of the Tree of the Long Leaves an Eagle who is able to see afar. If he sees in the distance any evil approaching or any danger threatening he will at once warn the people of the Confederacy.

3. To you Adodarhoh, the Onondaga cousin Lords, I and the other Confederate Lords have entrusted the caretaking and the watching of the Five Nations Council Fire. When there is any business to be transacted and the Confederate Council is not in session, a messenger shall be dispatched either to Adodarhoh, Hononwirehtonh or Skanawatih, Fire Keepers, or to their War Chiefs with a full statement of the case desired to be considered. Then shall Adodarhoh call his cousin (associate) Lords together and consider whether or not the case is of sufficient importance to demand the attention of the Confederate Council. If so, Adodarhoh shall dispatch messengers to summon all the Confederate Lords to assemble beneath the Tree of the Long Leaves. When the Lords are assembled the Council Fire shall be kindled, but not with chestnut wood, and Adodarhoh shall formally open the Council. [ ed note: chestnut wood throws out sparks in burning, thereby creating a disturbance in the council ] Then shall Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords, the Fire Keepers, announce the subject for discussion. The Smoke of the Confederate Council Fire shall ever ascend and pierce the sky so that other nations who may be allies may see the Council Fire of the Great Peace. Adodarhoh and his cousin Lords are entrusted with the Keeping of the Council Fire.

4. You, Adodarhoh, and your thirteen cousin Lords, shall faithfully keep the space about the Council Fire clean and you shall allow neither dust nor dirt to accumulate. I lay a Long Wing before you as a broom. As a weapon against a crawling creature I lay a staff with you so that you may thrust it away from the Council Fire. If you fail to cast it out then call the rest of the United Lords to your aid.

5. The Council of the Mohawk shall be divided into three parties as follows: Tekarihoken, Ayonhwhathah and Shadekariwade are the first party; Sharenhowaneh, Deyoenhegwenh and Oghrenghrehgowah are the second party, and Dehennakrineh, Aghstawenserenthah and Shoskoharowaneh are the third party.


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The horse culture of the tribes of the High Plains of North America lasted only some 170 years; yet in that time the sub-tribes of the Teton or Western Sioux people imprinted a vivid image on the world's imagination by their fearless but doomed fight to protect their hunting grounds from the inevitable spread of the white man. This book outlines the history, social strusture, religion and material culture of the Santee, Yankton and Teton Sioux; rare early photographs include portraits of many of the great war chiefs and warriors of the Plains Indian Wars, recording the dazzling detail of Sioux traditional costume. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (4)

THE PEOPLE OF THE WESTERN PLAINS....
A QUITE COMPELLING BOOK, WITH A LOT OF FASINATEING PHOTOS....OF WARRIORS AND THE AVERAGE SIOUX, AND LIFE IN THE WEST.......I HAVE A FRIEND WHO IS SIOUX.........

Sioux Tribes
This book tackles the topic of the Sioux tribes for fought for, or more often against, the US in the mid-late 19th Century.It is a detailed source on the clothing and material culture of these peoples, and also provides a good foundation for the study of their culture.My reason for giving it only three stars is that it strays from the main thrust of the Osprey Men-at-Arms series.Easily half the figures in the plates are either women or unarmed males, and the text does not discuss the armament of fighting styles of these warrriors in detail.For someone like me who is seeking an Osprey book that is truly about the Amerindian warriors, there are better alternatives (notably Comanche 1800-1875).

Good detail on uniforms but not on anything else
This book provides an excellent overview of what these warriors wore but little on tactics, strategy and the men themselves (backgrounds, etc.). Excellent reference for model and figurine builders but not for those interested in what was beneath the surface.

Great Reference for teaching Native American History.
As a history teacher, I think it is essential to continue to tell the story to future generations of Americans.The many diverse tribes of Native Americans that covered North America all have vastly unique and incredible stories to learn from and share. ... Read more

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Two exceptional photographers with distinctly different ways of seeing combine their talents to create In the Fifth World: Portrait of the Navajo Nation. Aerial photographer Adriel Heisey takes flight to capture the magnificent landscapes that are home to the Navajo people. His images are paired with those of Japanese photojournalist Kenji Kawano, whose intimate and exuberant portraits celebrate the enduring character and spirit of the Diné—"the People." Former Navajo Nation Chairman Peterson Zah contributes a personal foreword. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

land and people
The landscape a people dwell in and the people themselves are best examined together. This book beautifully achieves both. Kawano's black & white portraits are without rival. Heisy captures the landscape from above. The reader is shown the total landscape of the largest Indian reservation in the United States. A must read for students of Native American History and photography buffs. ... Read more

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Preserving What Is Valued explores the concept of preserving heritage. It presents the conservation profession's code of ethics and discusses four significant contexts embedded in museum conservation practice: science, professionalization, museum practice, and the relationship between museums and First Nations peoples.

Museum practice regarding handling and preservation of objects has been largely taken as a given, and it can be difficult to see how these activities are politicized. Clavir argues that museum practices are historically grounded and represent values that are not necessarily held by the originators of the objects. She first focuses on conservation and explains the principles and methods conservators practise. She then discusses First Nations people's perspectives on preservation, quoting extensively from interviews done throughout British Columbia, and comparing the British Columbia situation with that in New Zealand.

In the face of cultural repatriation issues, museums are attempting to become more culturally sensitive to the original owners of objects, forming new understandings of the "right ways" of storage and handling of materials. Miriam Clavir's work is important for museum professionals, conservators, those working with First Nations collections in auction houses and galleries, as well as students of sociology and anthropology. ... Read more