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Ultimate handbook on government and business contacts in the country. Government agencies, strategic, business contacts, international representations and more... ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Recorder, published by Pam Stein/Input Solutions on January 8, 2000. The length of the article is 537 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: LEBANON - Jan. 4 - Government Struggles To Stop Violence.(Islamic extremists)(Brief Article)
Publication: APS Diplomat Recorder (Newsletter)
Date: January 8, 2000
Publisher: Pam Stein/Input Solutions
Volume: 52Issue: 1Page: NA

Article Type: Brief Article

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This digital document is an article from Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs, published by Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs on May 1, 2009. The length of the article is 6587 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: U.S. security assistance to Lebanon.(Congressional Research Service)(Report)
Author: Casey L. Addis
Publication: Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs (Report)
Date: May 1, 2009
Publisher: Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs
Page: NA

Article Type: Report

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Customer Reviews (2)

Writing History with a Predetermined Hypothesis
If there is one thing this book proves it is that the Shiites of southern Lebanon are as diverse in their opinions as every other community in Lebanon and the world and should be viewed as a single monolithic bloc as this book sometimes suggests.

The book is based on a premise that the Shiites that matter in Lebanon are those of southern Lebanon. This is incorrect. Shiites from the eastern Lebanon region of the Bekaa created the group Hezbollah, which is today the community's heavy weight. Chalabi dismisses the history of the eastern Lebanon Shiites as simply inconsequential to the events that led to the formation of the Lebanese republic.

Sabri Hamadeh, a Shiite feudal leader from Baalbek, had strong ties to Lebanon's Maronite independent figures and played a role in annexing the predominantly Shiite Bekaa to Lebanon. Restricting the history of Lebanon's Shiites to southern Lebanon is a fallacy.

Chalabi hails maternally from the southern Lebanese Shiite family of Osseiran. As such, she inflates the role of her grand father, Adel Osseiran, and makes out of him one of Lebanon's "founding fathers." It is worth mentioning that compared to the Hamadeh family from the Bekaa and the Assaad family from the south; the Osseirans played a secondary role, however important and influential it was, in the history of the Shiites of Lebanon.

Also as a historian, Chalabi dwells almost exclusively on Shiite sources leaving out sources from other communities, such as the Christians of the south.

For a reader, it seems that Chalabi wrote her book with an intention of arriving at a predetermined result: That the Shiites of Lebanon were marginalized for long stretches of time in history and that over the past eight decades, they scored a comeback and became integrated in Lebanon's history. For this purpose, she depends on other historians, such as Fawwaz Taraboulsi, whose bias in support of such a hypothesis is known.

The Shi`is of Jabal `Amil and the New Lebanon
Both Western and Arabic-language histories have neglected the Shi`ites of modern Lebanon. Chalabi masterfully brings this missing history to life in a reworked Harvard doctoral dissertation. In an age where academics favor theory and polemic over scholarship, she fulfills the traditional detective function of historians. Fluent in English, French, and Arabic, she explored old archives and never-before-used personal libraries in southern Lebanese towns and villages. Excerpts from diaries flesh out political history to add a sense of local culture.

Chalabi begins her narrative at the end of the Ottoman era, describing the shape of society and economic life, not only the interplay of religious clerics, prominent families, and the nouveaux riches but also their relations with the Ottoman leadership. She traces these through the disruptions of the early twentieth century. World War I hit the `Amilis (that is, residents of Jabal `Amil) hard via conscription and famine. Chalabi shows how the Shi`ites maneuvered through Arab nationalism, the French Mandate, and Lebanese state formation. Her exploration of competing gangs supported by French and Syrian concerns brings to light an important element of local history that remains strong in Lebanon today--Robin Hood-like figures who rob government tax collectors and redistribute their money. Acknowledging such local culture is necessary to understand contemporary regional attitudes toward the central government.

As Lebanon approached independence, intellectual debate focused upon conflicting notions of Arab and Lebanese identity, not only in Beirut and among the Christian and Sunni elite but also among the Shi`ites. The Arab nationalist narrative eventually won out, and Shi`ites resented their marginalization by the Beirut elite. Many `Amilis concluded that a system based on Arab identity offered them greater possibilities. Many embraced other pan-national ideologies and joined communist, Syrian nationalist, and Baath parties. Nevertheless, the Shi`ites were incorporated in Lebanon and could not ignore the Lebanese state. Chalabi's discussion of petitioning and the growing Shi`ite willingness to participate in parliamentary politics adds nuance. Discussion of religious leadership and education elucidate matters further.

In a forward, Fouad Ajami describes how, when he set out to write The Vanished Imam,[1]in which he traced the influence of the Shi`ite cleric Musa al-Sadr in the 1960s and 1970s, he realized how even the recent Lebanese Shi`ite past was a scholarly void. Chalabi has corrected this and her work is required reading for any scholar or policy practitioner working on modern Lebanon.

Notes

1. Reprinted., Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Michael Rubin
Middle East Quarterly
Fall 2006 ... Read more

Product Description
Lebanon's unique political system and its laissez-faire political economy took shape during the period between the two great wars. Based on hitherto unstudied material, this work examines the inter- and intra-sectarian relations in Lebanon against the backdrop of the conflicting pressures from Damascus and Paris, the stands of the Christians and Muslims towards the Lebanese state, the ideological and political trends that emerged within each community and the rise of the political and economic elites in Beirut. ... Read more

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Straddling the boundaries of politics and history, this discerning book allows the reader to dig through the rubble of Lebanon's wars and learn exactly what has befallen it. With its remarkable open society, its plural political system, its well-educated and sophisticated peoples, and its tolerant confessional outlook, Lebanon is only now recovering the independence it once had, albeit in the face of Syria. In view of recent Lebanese history, can an open and democratic state be recaptured by a people entangled in a largely authoritarian Arab state system? Farid el Khazen's arresting book shows how Lebanon was led toward its fate by its neighbors, yet ultimately undid itself. The Palestine Liberation Organization's presence was of central importance to the breakdown of the state, while the porousness of the democratic system could not contain the problems and violence. The breakdown was less a civil war in the conventional sense than a series of little wars with outside interference. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (10)

Academic but partial analysis of Lebanon
This book by Professor Farid Khazen is a good read and is well-researched.However, it is an attempt to articulate in academic mantle the Right Wing view in the Lebanon War that the Palestinians were largely responsible for the decay of the Lebanese state, supported by radical Arab states and the Soviet Union.Prof Khazen moves then to a meticulous refutation of Lefitst views of the war, denying that sectarian divisions led to the war or that there were legitimate social and economic grievances among the Lebanese (as the leftists were syaing). Despite the length of Prof Khazen's book, I don't find it satisfying as an account of what happened in Lebanon in the period 1967-1976, nor does it cover adequatleythe destructive role played by the Lebanese elites in these tragic years.

The Best Book Written on the Subject
For any serious researcher, don't look further, this is the book for you. It is a very good piece of work, obviously well researched and documented. And above all, it is the only objective piece of work I read on the history of Lebanon. El Khazen obviously knows what he is talking about, does not throw biased statements, does not omit incidents, and is supporting all of his arguments.
All in all, an excellent piece of work. I admire the author's knowledge, honesty and courage and highly recommend the book.

Comprehensive and Insightful
This is a far more insightful and comprehensive work than several books on Lebanon I have read in recent years. Although I take issue with some of the author's arguments, the book is a solid academic work not only on the war but also on Lebanese society and politics.It is also based on new data and research material.The book is highly recommended for specialists on Lebanese and Arab politics.

Superb
This is a superb book in terms of addressing the events of the war. The style begins by being almost thesis-like, in which he addresses notions of state, and then becomes a more journalistic type account of events that triggered the war in Lebanon.

For the reviewer who says that denying the domestic roots of the civil war, I highly doubt that they read the book- because the book does none of that!

Highly instructive, hightly recommended.

Original and Scholarly Work
This well researched, scholarly book on Lebanese politics and society is a welcome contribution to the study of conflict in the Middle East. The subject matter Farid el Khazen deals with is no doubt complex and controversial.But the author presents his arguments in a balanced and convincing way.His novel approach - examining Lebanon in crisis situations in broader regional perspective - is original and lucid.For anyone seeking to know the internal and external causes of the war in Lebanon, this is the book to read. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is an article from Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2006. The length of the article is 11984 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Lebanon.(CRS Report for Congress: Received through the CRS Web)
Author: Alfred B. Prados
Publication: Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs (Report)
Date: August 1, 2006
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: NA

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This digital document is an article from Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs, published by Thomson Gale on March 1, 2007. The length of the article is 3706 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: U.S. foreign aid to Lebanon: issues for Congress.
Author: Jeremy M. Sharp
Publication: Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs (Report)
Date: March 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Page: NA

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula, published by Pam Stein/Input Solutions on September 15, 2003. The length of the article is 648 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: LEBANON - Or A Return To Civil Strife.
Publication: APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula (Newsletter)
Date: September 15, 2003
Publisher: Pam Stein/Input Solutions
Volume: 46Issue: 3

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Recorder, published by Arab Press Service on November 14, 2009. The length of the article is 523 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: LEBANON - Nov 9 - Hariri Forms Unity Government.(Saad al-Hariri)
Author: Unavailable
Publication: APS Diplomat Recorder (Newsletter)
Date: November 14, 2009
Publisher: Arab Press Service
Volume: 73Issue: 20

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Section titles: The Phillips Lecture--Lebanon and the World; Perspectives on Lebanon; Lebanon's Foreign Policy; Researching Lebanon; Notes. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula, published by Pam Stein/Input Solutions on September 15, 2003. The length of the article is 1770 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: LEBANON - Pax Americana Is Changing - Part 9.
Publication: APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula (Newsletter)
Date: September 15, 2003
Publisher: Pam Stein/Input Solutions
Volume: 46Issue: 3

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This careful study of Lebanese politics and foreign policy reflects the problems we now face in the Middle East and offer's democratic suggestions to the Muslim and Third World. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula, published by Pam Stein/Input Solutions on January 24, 2005. The length of the article is 591 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Pax Americana Is Changing - Part 17D - Syria 4 - The Lebanon Factor.
Publication: APS Diplomat Fate of the Arabian Peninsula (Newsletter)
Date: January 24, 2005
Publisher: Pam Stein/Input Solutions
Volume: 49Issue: 1

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Jonathan Randal has reported from Beirut since the 1975-76 civil war, and in this newly updated edition he analyzes recent events which have, if anything, made the plight of that unhappy country more insoluble than ever. Foreign troops - Syrian, Israeli, Iranian - still occupy much of the country; the intractable General Aoun (the extraordinary circumstances of whose rise to power are described in detail) broods among the ruins of the presidential palace and the fate of the Western hostages sporadically draws the attention of the world's press. Meanwhile the calamitous exodus of the Lebonese population continues unabated. Combining the immediacy of front line reporting with the historian's wider perspective, this is an account of a turbulent and unfamiliar world. ... Read more