Product Description
Chapters: Livonia. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 78. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Livonia (Livonian: , Latvian and Lithuanian: ; Estonian: ; Finnish: ; German and Swedish: Livland; Polish: , Liwlandia; Russian: ) is a historic region along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida. The most prominent ruler of ancient Livonia was Caupo of Turaida. During the Livonian Crusade, ancient Livonia was colonized by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, later called the Livonian Order, and the name Livonia came to designate a much broader territory: Terra Mariana on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea, in present-day Latvia and Estonia. Its frontiers are the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland in the north-west, Lake Peipus and Russia to the east, and Lithuania to the south. Livonia was inhabited by various Baltic and Finnic peoples, ruled by an upper class of Baltic Germans. Over the course of time, some nobles were polonized into the Polish-Lithuanian nobility (Szlachta) or russified into the Russian nobility (Dvoryanstvo). Livonia in Europe, 1190 CEBeginning in the 12th century, Livonia was an area of economic and political expansion by Danes and Germans, particularly by the Hanseatic League and the Cistercian Order. Around 1160, Hanseatic traders from Lübeck established a trading post on the site of the future city of Riga, which Albrecht von Buxthoeven founded in 1201. He ordered the construction of a cathedral and became the first Prince-Bishop of Livonia. Baltic Tribes, ca 1200.Bishop Albert of Riga (Albert of Buxhoeveden) founded the military order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin: , German: ) in 1202; Pope Innocent III sanctioned the estab...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18448 ... Read more

Product Description
Chapters: Zemgale, Riga Region, Selonia, Ropaži, Plāņi, Lielupe, Vidzeme, Planning Regions of Latvia, Straupe, Slītere National Park, Vienkoči Park, Sēlpils, Dikļi Parish, Pededze, Venta River, Valka District, Svete River, Kalupe, Irbe Strait, Dubulti, Vecsaliena, Demene, Dviete, Kalkūni, Latvia, Šventoji River, Salaca, A4 Road, A2 Road, A10 Road, A3 Road, Pasiene, A1 Road, Valdgale Parish, Vandzene, Pārdaugava, Riga Passenger Terminal, Vecumnieki, Klintaine Parish, Pitelis, Sece Parish, Valle Parish, Vietalva Parish, Sunākste Parish, Pilskalne Parish, Dubna River, Saliena Parish, Kalkūne Parish, Padure Parish, Sesava Parish, Demene Parish, Svente Parish, Viesturi Parish, Slampe Parish, Dubna Parish, Konstantinova Parish, Sērene Parish, Sala Parish, Jēkabpils District, Vecumnieki Parish, Kalnieši Parish, Robežnieki Parish, Kastuļina Parish, Stāmeriena Parish, Vecpiebalga Parish, Staburags Parish, Dviete Parish, Rudbārži Parish, Dignāja Parish, Valmiera Parish, Penkule Parish, Piedruja Parish, Sēlpils Parish, Varieši Parish, Viļķene Parish, Sidrabene Parish, Šķilbēni Parish, Kazdanga Parish, Priekule Parish, Svariņi Parish, Vērgale Parish, Dzērbene Parish, Kaplava Parish, Pasiene Parish, Druviena Parish, Džūkste Parish, Rencēni Parish, Vidriži Parish, Dunava Parish, Priekuļi Parish, Rubene Parish, Vārkava Parish, Vectilža Parish, Rudzāti Parish, Valka Parish, Vecsaule Parish, Veselava Parish, Katvari Parish, Pelēči Parish, Rundāle Parish, Vecpils Parish, Kalēti Parish, Kocēni Parish, Platone Parish, Raiskums Parish, Vircava Parish, Palsmane Parish, Raņķi Parish, Sauka Parish, Smiltene Parish, Dauksti Parish, Dāviņi Parish, Ramata Parish, Rucava Parish, Skulte Parish, Vīpe Parish, Vītiņi Parish, Kalna Parish, Skujene Parish, Straupe Parish, Svitene Parish, Vijciems Parish, Ķeipene Parish, Pelči Parish, Viesati Parish, Ķoņi Parish, Rite Parish, Salnava Parish, Sēļi Parish, Svēte Parish, Renda Parish, Rumba Parish, Stradi Paris...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2242796 ... Read more

Product Description
Discusses the geography, history, ethnography, resources, politics, and future of this Baltic country, annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 and independent once again in 1991. ... Read more

Product Description
Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in The Baltics. This volume brings together three countries, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

The Baltics in the 20th century
This book will help you to better understand Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, which have remarkably different personalities, although often collectively referred to as the Baltics. The countries are treated separately, as they deserve to be, illustrating their individual ambitions, which are often at odds to each other.

I was very impressed with Thomas Lane's scholarly but easily accessible account of Lithuania. In it he gives one of the most balanced appraisals of the country which I've read, taking it up to 1997 with the election of Valdas Adamkus. He charts Lithuania from its post WWI independence to its post Soviet independence, noting its tremendous resiliency in the face of two totalitarian regimes -- the Soviet Union and Germany.The country had a difficult time carving out its niche in the 1920's, battling Poland as well in staking out its independence, only to lose Vilnius to Poland's overextending claims. Lane gives special attention to this inter-war period, as it served as the inspiration for Lithuania's post-Soviet independence in 1991.

He recounts Lithuania's uneasy relationship with Germany and its role in the Holocaust, but is very careful in assessing blame. Lithuania quite literally found itself between a rock and a hard place, falling victim to the Soviet Union in the end.Lane provides a detailed study of the Soviet era and the impact it had on Lithuania's agrarian economy. Through this period, Lithuania still managed to retain its identity despite the prevailing Soviet influence.

Lane covers the key events of the 80's which led to independence, and the difficulties Lithuania faced in the 90's as it tried to distance itself from Moscow. He provides an excellent appraisal of the various political parties and the affect the rural vote still has on the outcome of the elections.Although Lithuania was still struggling to form a market economy by the time Lane concludes his account in the late 90's, the country has since enjoyed an economic boom, with the highest growth rate in Eastern Europe.

There is also a fine appraisal of Lithuania's current foreign policy and its ability to form key European alliances in the 90's, which it had been unable to do in the 20's. It no longer has a heavy reliance on Russia, having become an integral part of the European economy. ... Read more

Product Description
Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "Latvia," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Latvia in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Latvia when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This "data dump" results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name Latvia, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under "fair use" conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain. ... Read more

Product Description
Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Madona, Maskavas Forštate, Aloja, Latvia, Bolderāja, Vangaži, Olaine, Torņakalns, Aizkraukle, Ikšķile, Cēsis District, Ķegums, Alūksne District, Gauja National Park, Mazsalaca, Dzirciems, Seda, Latvia, Lubāna, Baloži, Rūjiena, Lake Burtnieks, Gulbene District, Cesvaine, Imanta, Baldone, Ķekava, Pļaviņas, Ape, Latvia, Staicele, Strenči, Alūksne Municipality, Ķīpsala, Kocēni Municipality, Aizkraukle District, Madona Municipality, Gulbene Municipality, Vecrīga, Ogre Municipality, Salacgrīva Municipality, Smiltene Municipality, Burtnieki Municipality, Purvciems, Limbaži Municipality, Āgenskalns, Aizkraukle Municipality, Aloja Municipality, Kauguri, Ķegums Municipality, Rūjiena Municipality, Amata Municipality, Vecpiebalga Municipality, Saulkrasti Municipality, Lielvārde Municipality, Sigulda Municipality, Valmiera District, Valka Municipality, Strenči Municipality, Ikšķile Municipality, Priekuļi Municipality, Ādaži Municipality, Beverīna Municipality, Ape Municipality, Pļaviņas Municipality, Ķekava Municipality, Mazsalaca Municipality, Inčukalns Municipality, Jaunpiebalga Municipality, Naukšēni Municipality, Līgatne Municipality, Ērgļi Municipality, Carnikava Municipality, Nereta Municipality, Mālpils Municipality, Pārgauja Municipality, Baldone Municipality, Salaspils Municipality, Babīte Municipality, Krimulda Municipality, Iļģuciems, Koknese Municipality, Olaine Municipality, Limbaži District, Cēsis Municipality, Cesvaine Municipality, Lubāna Municipality, Garkalne Municipality, Stopiņi Municipality, Sēja Municipality, Skrīveri Municipality, Rauna Municipality, Mārupe Municipality, Dreiliņi, Madona District, Ogre District, Gutmanis Cave, Zaķusala, Dominante Park, Āraiši Lake Dwelling Site, Ziepniekkalns, Sarkandaugava, Bakans, Cena River, Mežciems, Ļaudona, Kundziņsala, Andrejsal...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1286619 ... Read more

Product Description
Describes the history, development, current status, and possible future of the former Soviet republics Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. ... Read more

Product Description
Livonia was once the land of the Finnic Livonians inhabiting the principal ancient Livonian County Metsepole with its center at Turaida. The most prominent ruler of the ancient Livonia was Caupo of Turaida. During the Livonian Crusade, ancient Livonia was colonized by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, later called Livonian Order and the name Livonia came to designate a much broader territory: Terra Mariana on the eastern coasts of the Baltic Sea, in present-day Latvia and Estonia. Its frontiers are the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Finland in the north-west, Lake Peipus and Russia to the east, and Lithuania to the south. Livonia was inhabited by various Baltic and Finnic peoples, ruled by an upper class of Baltic Germans. Over the course of time, some nobles were polonized into the Polish-Lithuanian nobility (Szlachta) or russified into the Russian nobility (Dvoryanstvo). ... Read more