Extractions: On the Periphery of Manhood: Marginalization of Black Male Homosexuality Donnie R. Gayfield Faculty Mentor: Professor Ula Yvette Taylor Graduate Student Mentor: Joy Viveros Recent scholarship within the last two years, however, does not support the widespread popular belief that homosexuality was alien to traditional African cultures. Stephen Murray's and Will Roscoe's groundbreaking study of pre-colonial African sexualities and their portrayal in European anthropological discourse, for example Boy Wives and Female Husbands-Studies of African Homosexualities (1998) , documents same-sex relations among men in a number of pre-colonial African societies. Among these: Zanzibar and the regions now known as Angola, (which prior to colonialism was the region of the Lunda Kingdom), Zimbabwe (formerly known as Great Zimbabwe),Cameroon (was considered to be the land of the Bakweri, Dualal, and Fang before colonialism), and Hausa.(formerly known as Hausauland). Boy Wives Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Zande . In it Evans-Prichard notes that "homosexuality is indigenous to the Zande who do not regard it as at all improper," and he notes that marriage between Azande warriors and young boys was an institutionalized feature of their culture (Evans-Prichard 83). By bringing to the academy heretofore unpublished source materials, contemporary scholarship, however, is to an extent overcoming the problem of lacunae in the anthropological record with respect to the actual diversity of pre-colonial African sexualities. The scholar Mark Gevisser's recently published account of mid-nineteenth century Zulu culture, for example, suggests that the Zulu king Shaka encouraged his warriors to engage in "thigh-sex" in order to "create intimacy and loyalty" among them (Gevisser 961). There are also some contemporary accounts of homosexual practices that survive from classical Africa. Malidoma Some
World Church, South Africa - Real History Series # 3 the Hovas, Sakalavas, Betsimisarakas, and other peoples of Madagascar WaBisa, Wa-Rua,Wa-lunda, Kioko, Wa may possibly have been an indigenous Negro people http://www.creator.org/southafrica/negro1.html
Extractions: about the nigger, but don't So who and what is the so-called "negro"? If present-day Politically Correct head-in-the-sand "knowledge" is anything to go by, the negro is very much the same as a White Man. However, anyone with just half a brain left will tell you that that can't be so. After all, there are just too many obvious differences. "But," says the liberal bleeding-heart useless idiot, "it's quite clear that the African American or any other kind of black whether from Africa or not, and whether really black or just one of the shades of brown, and whether pure-blooded or of mixed-blood is simply a White Man caught in a black skin. And, brother," and here the voice is set to tremble a little, "it is our christianist duty to help him get out of that black skin and take his rightful place among the people of this earth. And, brother, let me tell you more: We have been holding them back and we should give them human rights."
Current Bibliography, Vol. 38, No. 2 Another 'Performance' in the International Year of indigenous peoples? The Worldof africa. Songs and Dances of the Chokwe (Dundo region, lunda District, Angola http://www.indiana.edu/~ethmusic/publications/ographies/cb/cb_38_2.html
Extractions: Compiled by Jennifer C. Post General Africa Americas Europe ... Acknowledgements General Alvarez-Pereyre, Frank, and Simha Arom. 1993. "Ethnomusicology and the Emic/Etic Issue." The World of Music 35 (1): 7-33. Bibliog., music. Aubert, Laurent. 1991. Ballantine, Christopher. 1992. "John Blacking: A Personal Tribute." African Music Bamberger, Jeanne, and Evan Ziporyn. 1992. "Getting it Wrong." The World of Music 34 (3): 22-56. Bibliog., diagr., music. Baumann, Max Peter. 1993. "Listening as an Emic/Etic Process in the Context of Observation and Inquiry." The World of Music 35 (1): 34-62. Bibliog., facsims, music. Interface 21 (3-4): 263-80. Bibliog., music, photos, tables. Bloomfield, Terry. 1993. "Resisting Songs: Negative Dialectics in Pop." Popular Music 12 (1): 13-31. Bibliog., discog. The Journal of Musicology 11 (2): 139-73. Diagr., discog., graph, music. Jazz. Bradby, Barbara. 1993. "Sampling Sexuality: Gender, Technology and the Body in Dance Music." Popular Music 12 (2): 155-76. Bibliog.
Zambia Map Flag Description Green With A Panel Of Three Major peoples African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%. Muslim and Hindu 24%49%,indigenous beliefs 1%. vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja http://www.gateway-africa.com/countries/zambia.html
Extractions: Flag description: green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola Geographic coordinates: 15 00 S, 30 00 E Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) Independence: 24 October 1964 (from UK) Nationality: Zambian(s) Capital City: Lusaka Population: Head of State: President Frederick CHILUBA Area: 752,614 sq km Type of Government: republic Currency: 1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee Major peoples: African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2% Religion: Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% Official Language: English Principal Languages: English, major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages Major Exports: copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco History: In 1851, David Livingstone crossed the Zambezi River from the south and spent the next 20 years exploring what is now Zambia. In the late 19th century the British South Africa Company began making treaties with the local chiefs in what was then known as Northern Rhodesia. Following the 1924 British administrative takeover of the region and the discovery of copper in the late 1920s, many Europeans immigrated to the area. In 1953, Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and Nyasaland (now Malawi) were brought together by the British into the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. This federation lasted until 1962, when Nyasaland pulled out, followed by Northern Rhodesia in 1963. Independence for Zambia followed on Oct. 24, 1964. Relations with Southern Rhodesia became strained after the 1965 unilateral declaration of independence by the white minority government, and Zambia's flow of goods through Rhodesia was interrupted. Falling copper prices, a huge foreign debt, and neglect of the agricultural sector meant that Zambia's economic problems did not end when Rhodesia gained independence as Zimbabwe in 1980.
Human Rights Internet - The Human Rights Databank a defender of guerilla leaders, indigenous peoples, trade unionists operations inthe province of lunda Norte which Sources Human Rights Watch africa; UNHCHR. http://www.hri.ca/tribune/viewArticle.asp?ID=2466
TEKST OVER THE BLACK WEST media, by postcolonial subjects and indigenous peoples is only Europe is malili, 'cool',whereas africa is moto in Angola, the Congolese Bana lunda, also known http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/osl/archief/black_tekst.htm
Kingdoms Of Africa Ethiopian highlands came to dominate the indigenous Bantu. and most powerful of theLubalunda states, and the 19th century, Bantu-speaking peoples had pushed http://www.afrc.af.mil/910aw/Black History Web/kingdoms_of_africa.htm
Extractions: Africa was the homeland of several great civilizations. On the gold-rich coast alone, which became the primary area for the capture and sale of Africans into slavery, were the kingdoms of Ghana, Benin, Mali, Ashanti, and the Songhai Empire. These early societies featured highly democratic forms of government with military divisions and profitable trade relations with European and Asian nations as well as with other smaller communities throughout the continent. They were also noted for their educational and cultural institutions. Many factors contributed to the decline of these kingdoms, inclluding the growth of the slave trade. The map right shows the major kingdoms on the African continent. East African Kingdoms kabaka ("king"). Farther to the south, in Rwanda, a cattle-raising pastoral aristocracy founded by the Chwezi (alternatively called Tutsi, or Hima in this area) ruled over settled Bantu peoples from the 16th century onward. Central African Kingdoms Bantu-speaking peoples moving east from the Congo region during the 1st millennium AD are thought to have assimilated local Stone Age peoples. Later Bantu immigrants, called the Karanga, were the ancestors of the present-day Shona people. The Karanga began constructing the Great Zimbabwe, an impressive stone compound housing the royal court, which became the center of powerful gold-trading state. They also formed the Mwene Mutapa Empire, which derived its wealth from large-scale gold mining. At its height in the 15th century, its sphere of influence stretched from the Zambezi River to the Kalahari to the Indian Ocean and to the Limpopo River.
Search The Standards Database which large new states such as lunda and Buganda assert this type of control in Africaand Asia). impact of the encomienda system on indigenous peoples and how http://www.mcrel.org/compendium/Benchmark.asp?SubjectID=6&StandardID=29
Congo (Zaire) Major peoples gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous villagecommunities to Other Luba chiefs, including lunda, settled among neighboring http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Congo_(Zaire).html
Extractions: Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,345,410 sq.km. Type of Government: Dictatorship, presumably undergoing transition to Representative Government Currency: 4.5 CF=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe ,Songo, Kongo ,Kuba,Lunda,Bembe Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, African 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Diamonds, Crude Oil, Coffee Pre-Colonial History The precolonial past of Congo (Zaire) was complex. A diversity of social aggregates developed, ranging from small, autonomous groups of hunters and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to predominantly Muslim and Arab trading communities. Established in the late 1300s, the Kongo Kingdom expanded until the mid-17th century. The
Rhino Safaris originally referred to the language of one group of indigenous people in Europeansto refer to several groups of nonNegroid peoples of southern lunda - Zambia http://www.rhino-safaris.com/people.htm
Extractions: Das Word 'San' verwies urprünglich auf die Sprache eines im südlichen Afrika heimischen Volkes, deren gesamte Sprachgruppe als 'Khoisan' bezeichnet wurde und die auch Khoi-Khoi Dialekte umfaßte. Bald fiel der Ausdruck 'Buschmann' in Ungnade und die Europäer verwenden seither den Überbegriff 'San' für nicht negerartige Rassen des südlichen Afrikas. Heute leben etwa 40 000 Buschmänner auf dem Gebiet von Namibia. Nur ein kleiner Teil von ihnen lebt noch in der angestammten Weise als Jäger und Sammler. Schon in frühen Zeiten wurden die Buschmänner von anderen Völkern verachtet, gehaßt und verfolgt. Es wird heute von Wissenschaftlern angenommen, daß die Lebensweise der nomadischen Buschmänner seit etwa 20 000 Jahren unverändert geblieben ist. Die Buschmänner sind im heutigen Namibia und Botswana weitgehend ihrer natürlichen Lebensweise beraubt. Freie Jagd ist unzulässig und die Regierungen beider Länder bemühen sich die San mit allen Mitteln zur Seßhaftigkeit zu bewegen.
Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! History The indigenous huntergatherer occupants of Zambia began to primarily fromthe Luba and lunda tribes of of that century, the various peoples of Zambia http://www.worldstats.org/world/zambia.shtml
Extractions: Zambia's population comprises more than 70 Bantu-speaking tribes. Some tribes are small, and only two have enough people to constitute at least 10% of the population. Most Zambians are subsistence farmers. The predominant religion is a blend of traditional beliefs and Christianity. Expatriates, mostly British (about 15,000) or South African, live mainly in Lusaka and in the Copperbelt in northern Zambia, where they are employed in mines and related activities. Zambia also has a small but economically important Asian population, most of whom are Indians. The country is 42% urban.
Africa South Of The Sahara - Culture And Society An annotated guide to internet resources on african culture and society.Category Regional africa Society and Culture twostory architecture, Islam and indigenous african cultures web site for her coursePeoples and Cultures Chokwe.com - Chokwe, Lwena/Luvale, lunda and Related http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/culture.html
Africana Studies Course Descriptions and present social patterns of indigenous African populations The African kingdoms(lunda, Buganda, and Zulu on the interaction of diverse peoples and cultures. http://www.ncsu.edu/chass/mds/AAStudy_4.htm
Extractions: Africana Studies Course Offerings (follow the available links for course syllabi or access the UNDERGRADUATE COURSE CATALOG ONLINE The Africana Studies director will review the student's record and certify the (s)he has completed the requirements for the minor in African-American Studies. Upon certification, the student's transcript should include the statement "Minor in Africana Studies." Contact the Director of the program for more information on Majoring in Africana Studies. Required Courses for Minor and Major AFS/MDS 240 African Civilizations (3 credit hours) An interdisciplinary study of centers of African civilization from antiquity to the 20th Century. Such centers include ancient Egypt, Nubia, Axum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Kilwa, Malinda, Sofola, Zanzibar and Monomotapa. AFS/ENG 248 African-American Literature (3 credit hours) Preq: Junior standing Survey of AfricanAmerican literature and its relationships to American culture, with an emphasis on fiction and poetry since 1945. Writers such as Bontemps, Morrison, Huston, Baldwin, Hayden, Brooks, Naylor, Harper, and Dove. AFS/HI 372 AfricanAmerican History Through the Civil War, 1619 - 1865
History Of Zambia The indigenous huntergatherer occupants of Zambia began to be came primarily fromthe Luba and lunda tribes of of that century, the various peoples of Zambia http://www.worldrover.com/history/zambia_history.html
Extractions: HISTORY The indigenous hunter-gatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced or absorbed by more advanced migrating tribes about 2,000 years ago. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants began in the 15th century, with the greatest influx between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. They came primarily from the Luba and Lunda tribes of southern Zaire and northern Angola but were joined in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the south. By the latter part of that century, the various peoples of Zambia were largely established in the areas they currently occupy. Except for an occasional Portuguese explorer, the area lay untouched by Europeans for centuries. After the mid-19th century, it was penetrated by Western explorers, missionaries, and traders. David Livingstone, in 1855, was the first European to see the magnificent falls on the Zambezi River. He named the falls after Queen Victoria, and the Zambian town near the falls is named after him. In 1888, Cecil Rhodes, spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa, obtained a mineral rights concession from local chiefs. In the same year, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923, and the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate.
Minority Languages And Cultures In Central Africa example, has bridged, in the peoples' Republic of its total neglect of indigenousideographic scripts Chitonga, Cinyanja, Icibemba, Kikaonde, lunda, Luvale and http://ntama.uni-mainz.de/main2/kubik/
Extractions: of African Languages and Literature. Venue: Lecture theatre) The current situation of minority languages and their associated cultures in Africa south of the Sahara including some particular areas where I have conducted research (such as in Angola 1965, 1979, 1980 and 1982, Zambia 1971, 1973, 1977/78, 1979 and 1987, and the Central African Republic, 1964 and 1966) is a consequence of historical developments which are to be understood politically, socially and culturally. What is a minority language? Are there any criteria that make a language fall under this category? In the first place the answer depends on a definition of the term "minority". In a country with two political parties, for example, one may obtain a majority of votes, while the other, consequently, is then in the minority. In such a case "minority" is anything below 50%. In practice, however, there are always more contenders. With regard to language, there are no linguistic criteria to determine what is a minority language.
THEATRES OF ARMED CONFLICT IN AFRICA: PROSPECTS FOR to Bailundo,frorn lunda Morte to lunda do Sul of the leader of the opposition GuineanPeoples'Rally, Alpha can be found local leaders, indigenous NGOS, social http://www.certi.org/news_events/HarareForumreport/certi-harari/HSolomon.html
Extractions: THEATRES OF ARMED CONFLICT IN AFRICA: PROSPECTS FOR RESOLUTION By Hussein Solomon 1. Introduction What this paper seeks to do is to briefly provide an overview of conflicts in Africa as well as to suggest the certain concrete steps one can undertake to resolve such conflicts. I proceed with one caveat: each conflict situation, which may have some similarity to another conflict, is ultimately unique and needs to be approached as such. Given the fact that my presentation is about several conflicts plaguing this continent, the steps towards conflict resolution that I propose is more of a general nature. 2. Overview of Conflicts in Africa In Algeria, the fighting between government forces and the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) have spread to areas such as Mascara, Khemis Melinia in the Ain Defla district as well as Chief and Ain Soltan, claiming new victims in its wake. In Angola from Andulo to Bailundo,frorn Lunda Morte to Lunda do Sul, war is exacting a terrible price on the Angolan people. The regional dimensions of the conflict have seen their spill-over effects in the Republic of Congo (Brazzaville) and the DRC - it now threatens Zambia. It is this regional dimension of the conflict which I believe constitutes the gravest challenge to SADC. The 11 February 1999 decision by Botswana to grant political asylum to 15 leading secessionist members of the Caprivi-Strip Liberation Movement as well as playing host to another 2423 people who crossed illegally from Namibia into Botswana threaten to further sour relations between the two countries, in the context of their battle for ownership of the disputes Kasikili- Sedudu island.
Hugh Tracey Recordings: Part 2 / RootsWorld Recording Review Katanga mine culture where peoples lived together is termed the greater Lubalunda-Tshokwemusical As a historical reminder, indigenous resistance developed http://www.rootsworld.com/reviews/tracey2.shtml
Extractions: Hugh Tracey (19031977) is one of the pillars of the discipline that still limps under the title of "ethnomusicology." Tracey's contributions as a primary researcher and field recorder are standing the test of time. His "Sound of Africa" series issued 210 recordings, published by the International Library of African Music (ILAM), which he had founded. These CDs are reissued recordings selected from that series and offer a glimpse of what has until now been mostly available only in academic archives. Tracey's work began with the Shona of Zimbabwe but expanded far beyond that region of Africa. It was a remarkable time for Africa, as it shifted or prepared to shift from its history as colonized territories. In their own way, Tracey's recordings also document the history of recording machines used for remote fieldwork. Tracey's first, in the 1930s, involved a clockwork-powered machine that cut a groove in an aluminum disc. Not till much later did he attain stereo recording capability with a Nagra. His microphone technique was to seek out the sound he wanted, hand holding the microphone to capture a spontaneous field mix that comes through superbly on these recordings. Tracey, it seems, sought to capture and document a cross-section of society in the tribal villages, schools, workplaces and anywhere else he found music. That wasn't always the most proficient performer.
PASALA Graduate Symposium 1997: Milbourne as the Luyana, most likely are not indigenous to the seventeenth or eighteenth century.(17)Her lunda, or Luyi The peoples of Barotseland imagined a pageant in http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/ceras/baobab/milbourne.html
Extractions: In 1982, Victor Turner wrote "perhaps only celebration can adequately understand celebration, but language can give an approximate rendering of it and some semantic perspective on its products . . ."(1) I think that celebration can be applied as a methodology. In the study of performance or pageantry, choices are made, and these decisions are the substance of a productive process. However, I believe that all too often scholars have equated change with deterioration. Celebration has proved useful in my own research, where beliefs in "purity" and "tradition" have set the tone for what little material there is. Celebration places change within the positive context of creativity. I look to the performance of makishi masks, the cultural property of Mbunda peoples, in Lozi celebrations to demonstrate the means by which the arts are used to publicly display political cohesion. Mbunda, Lozi and nearly two dozen other groups, each defined by language, have settled along the Zambezi River in Zambia's Western Province, historically known as Barotseland. I arrived in Limulunga, the flood-time capitol of the Lozi royalty, on June 30th, 1996, after thirty hours by bus on what I came to call, the "not-road." June 30th and the first two days of July are national holidays in Zambia, and in Limulunga they are filled with such festivities as a ten kilometer marathon and music and dance performances
Zambia Home languages spoken including Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi , lunda, Luvale, Nuanja The Lozi andBemba peoples are especially well and Hindu and 1% have indigenous beliefs. http://www.questconnect.org/africa_Zambia.htm
Extractions: Geography and Climate Oddly shaped and slightly larger than the state of Texas, Zambia covers 752,610 sq kms. Border countries include Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Zambia sits on a high plateau, sloping sharply in the north down to Lake Tanganyika which Zambia shares with Tanzania, Burundi and Congo (Zaire). There are three major rivers; the Zambezi which forms the border with Namibia and Zimbabwe, the Kafue which flows into the Zambezi south of Lusaka (the Capital) and the Luangwa which also flows into the Zambezi. Zambia's most impressive geographical aspect is Victoria Falls which is shared with Zimbabwe. On the Zambezi river at Livingstone, the falls are 2kms wide, 100m deep and 546 million cubic meters of water flow over them every minute.
Afronet - The Zambia Human Rights Report 1998 Saviye is lunda. endorsement of that declaration and had come from indigenous ZambiaMuslims Charter and the African Charter on Human and peoples Rights, and http://www.oneworld.org/afronet/reports/chpt2_hrights1998.htm
Extractions: Introduction The very idea of government implies a right on the part of citizens to meet peacefully and to band together for common purposes that are lawful. Freedom of peaceful assembly and of association is therefore vital in an open and democratic society. The right to these twin freedoms is guaranteed and protected under both international and domestic law. At the international level, Zambia is party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the . Both human rights treaties guarantee to every individual, subject to certain permissible limitations, the right to free association and peaceful assembly. They also guarantee the cognate rights of freedom of expression and of movement. Zambia is furthermore party to ILO Convention No.87 on Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise, and N0. 98 on the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining. Bill of Rights . Apart from the enormous derogation and limitations stated expressly in the Bill of Rights, there is also an array of other legislation which significantly impinges on freedom of assembly and association. In regard to freedom of assembly, such legislation includes the
