1Up Info > Zaire > Peoples Of The Savanna: Lunda Region | Zaire Information Reso 1UpInfo Country Studies Country Guide for Zaire . Singapore. Somalia. South africa. South Korea. Soviet Union lunda from the southern lunda and related peoples, in part Officially Recognized Languages. Other indigenous Languages http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire64.html
Extractions: Zaire Zaire Most of the inhabitants of western Shaba between the Lubilash and Kasai rivers and extending east to the town of Kolwezi are speakers of Lunda or closely related languages. Their distribution extends beyond this area to Angola, Zambia, southwestern KasaiOccidental , and southeastern Bandundu. The vast scale of their distribution is the legacy of the Lunda Empire (see fig. 2 fig. 3 Data as of December 1993 Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. Home Contact Us
Africa Some 5 million years ago a type of hominid, a close evolutionary ancestor of presentday humans, inhabited southern and eastern africa. Kushite peoples from the Ethiopian highlands came to dominate the indigenous Bantu. and founded the lunda Empire. The lunda state http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/africa3a.html
Extractions: Africa Some 5 million years ago a type of hominid, a close evolutionary ancestor of present-day humans, inhabited southern and eastern Africa. More than 1.5 million years ago this toolmaking hominid developed into the more advanced forms Homo habilis and Homo erectus. The earliest true human being in Africa, Homo sapiens, dates from more than 200,000 years ago. A hunter-gatherer capable of making crude stone tools, Homo sapiens banded together with others to form nomadic groups; eventually these nomadic San peoples spread throughout the African continent. Distinct races date from approximately 10,000 BC. Gradually a growing Negroid population, which had mastered animal domestication and agriculture, forced the San groups into the less hospitable areas. In the 1st century AD the Bantu, one group of this dominant people, began a migration that lasted some 2000 years, settling most of central and southern Africa. Negroid societies typically depended on subsistence agriculture or, in the savannas, pastoral pursuits. Political organization was normally local, although large kingdoms would later develop in western and central Africa. see Aksum, Kingdom of
UNESCO - General History Of Africa: Volume V marked by the end of the great indigenous empires and political system of the Lubaand lunda its emergence The interior of East africa the peoples of Kenya http://www.unesco.org/culture/africa/html_eng/volume5.htm
Extractions: This period is marked by the end of the great indigenous empires and the early contacts with Europeans. The system of exploitation of Africas human resources by Europe and America known as the slave trade was put in place and lasted throughout these three centuries. The period also saw the transformation of coastal societies, from Senegal to Congo and in East Africa. n Contents editions Main edition English: 1992, Heinemann/ UNESCO/ University of California Press French 1999, UNESCO/NEA Arabic: 1998, UNESCO Abridged edition English: 1999, UNESCO/ James Currey/ University of California Press French: 1998, UNESCO/ Edicef/ Présence Africaine n Contents Chapter 1: The struggle for international trade and its implications for Africa
Congo - A Look At The Past speaking peoples established themselves throughout Central africa. and they largelydisplaced the indigenous peoples. including Kongo, Kuba, Luba and lunda. http://cwr.utoronto.ca/cultural/english/congo/alook.html
Extractions: A L OOK AT THE P AST T he indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. Their descendants, primarily members of the Efe and Mbuti tribes, still live as hunters and gatherers in the northern Ituri forest. Late in the first millennium A.D., Bantu-speaking peoples established themselves throughout Central Africa. Their culture was based on ironworking and agriculture, and they largely displaced the indigenous peoples. B y the 15th century, several kingdoms had developed in the area, including Kongo, Kuba, Luba and Lunda. When the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cam reached the mouth of the Congo River in 1482, he discovered that the coastal kingdoms were capturing people from nearby areas and sending them to work as slaves in Saudi Arabia. Over the next few centuries, Portuguese and French traders enslaved millions of Africans, and sent them to work on plantations in North and South America. The slave trade was abolished in 1885. I n 1878, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Anglo-American explorer Henry Morton Stanley to establish outposts along the Congo River. Leopold persuaded other European rulers to recognize Congo as his personal territory, which he named the Congo Free State. D uring Leopold's reign, the Congolese were brutally treated. They were forced to build a railroad and collect ivory and rubber. As many as 10 million Congolese died between 1880 and 1910. When news of the atrocities became public in 1908, the Belgian government took control of the colony and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Although the Belgian government improved working conditions slightly, it too was a harsh ruler and continued to extract natural resources. For years, the Congolese struggled to achieve independence.
Africa South Of The Sahara - Religion Kongo, Mongo, Kuba, Luba, lunda, and Chokwe of Congo South africa with European and Asian admixtures. The other indigenous groups are all Bantuspeaking peoples, originally http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/religion.html
Extractions: Information on AIM, a missionary organization with over 850 missionaries in 15 African countries. Has a link to the web page of their school in Kenya, the Rift Valley Academy. There is more information provided by the Billy Graham Archives which hold the records of AIM including a history and detailed inventory of AIM's records. They were especially active in Kenya, Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, and the Central African Republic. Use the Graham Archives Search to locate additional collections.
Extractions: Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map Features of Africa Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent. And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).
1Up Info > Zaire > Other Indigenous Languages | Zaire Information Resource Kingdoms Of africa africa was the homeland of several great civilizations. to dominate the indigenous Bantu. Other Kushites and founded the lunda Empire. The lunda state peoples had pushed aside or assimilated their San predecessors in southern africa and http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire57.html
Extractions: Zaire Zaire The vast majority of languages spoken in Zaire are Bantu derivatives. Only in the north have other language groups been represented. Adamawa-Eastern languages are spoken in the entire northern portion of Zaire, interspersed in the east along the Uele River with Central Sudanic languages. In the far northeast (from Lake Albert north) the few Eastern Sudanic languages spoken in Zaire are heard, interspersed with Central Sudanic, AdamawaEastern , and an occasional Bantu language. Crude estimates of the number of speakers of these language divisions have cited 80 percent of the population as speakers of Bantu languages. The remaining 20 percent may be divided, in declining numbers of speakers, among people speaking Adamawa-Eastern, Central Sudanic, and Eastern Sudanic languages. Data as of December 1993
Encyclopedia Of African History: List Of Entries VI growth of Islam in west africa Religion indigenous, and cults. 17th, 18th centuriesKazembe's eastern lunda Kongo, Teke of trade and power peoples of southern http://www.fitzroydearborn.com/london/africentr6.htm
History Department At Millersville University Encounters between Europeans and the indigenous peoples of the A New Interpretation History in africa 8 (1981 The Chronology and Causes of lunda Expansion to http://muweb.millersville.edu/~history/faculty/thorntoncv.html
GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Zambia - Historical Highlights HISTORY The indigenous huntergatherer occupants of Zambia began to primarily fromthe Luba and lunda tribes of of that century, the various peoples of Zambia http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/za/Zambia_history_summary.htm
Extractions: The indigenous hunter-gatherer occupants of Zambia began to be displaced or absorbed by more advanced migrating tribes about 2,000 years ago. The major waves of Bantu-speaking immigrants began in the 15th century, with the greatest influx between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. They came primarily from the Luba and Lunda tribes of southern Zaire and northern Angola but were joined in the 19th century by Ngoni peoples from the south. By the latter part of that century, the various peoples of Zambia were largely established in the areas they currently occupy. Except for an occasional Portuguese explorer, the area lay untouched by Europeans for centuries. After the mid-19th century, it was penetrated by Western explorers, missionaries, and traders. David Livingstone, in 1855, was the first European to see the magnificent waterfalls on the Zambezi River. He named the falls after Queen Victoria, and the Zambian town near the falls is named after him. In 1888, Cecil Rhodes, spearheading British commercial and political interests in Central Africa, obtained a mineral rights concession from local chiefs. In the same year, Northern and Southern Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively) were proclaimed a British sphere of influence. Southern Rhodesia was annexed formally and granted self-government in 1923, and the administration of Northern Rhodesia was transferred to the British colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate.
Musées Afrique indigenous Knowledge in South africa . Cape Town- Rosebank. Chitato (lunda Norte). Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya . http://www.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html
Extractions: Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12 Grahamstown Albany Museum. Natural Sciences and History Museums Somerset Street lu-ve 9-13 / 14-17; sa-di 14-17 Johannesburg MuseuMAfricA Newtown Cultural Precinct
National History Standards - Era 1 for Britain, France, Spain, and the indigenous peoples of the understands patternsof change in africa in the era of Ashanti, Dahomey, Benin, lunda, and Kongo http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/standards/worldera6.html
Extractions: The Iberian voyages of the late 15th and early 16th centuries linked not only Europe with the Americas but laid down a communications net that ultimately joined every region of the world with every other region. As the era progressed ships became safer, bigger, and faster, and the volume of world commerce soared. The web of overland roads and trails expanded as well to carry goods and people in and out of the interior regions of Eurasia, Africa, and the American continents. The demographic, social, and cultural consequences of this great global link-up were immense. The deep transformations that occurred in the world during this era may be set in the context of three overarching patterns of change.
Africa: "Tribe" Background Paper, 2 While there are many indigenous Zambian words which The lunda, for instance, wereconsidered good material and culturally distinct Hutu and Tutsi peoples. http://www.africaaction.org/docs97/eth9711.2.htm
Extractions: APIC Document APIC Background Paper 010 (November 1997) This series of background papers is part of a program of public education funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Ford Foundation. The attractively produced typeset version of this background paper is available from APIC for $2 each ($1.60 each for 20 or more). Add 15% for postage and handling. Order in bulk for your class or study group, or to send to news media in response to stereotypical coverage of Africa. Talking about "Tribe": Moving from Stereotypes to Analysis November, 1997 (continued from part 1) Case in Point: Zambia Zambia is slightly larger than the U.S. state of Texas. The country has approximately 10 million inhabitants and a rich cultural diversity. English is Zambia's official language but it also boasts 73 different indigenous languages. While there are many indigenous Zambian words which translate into nation, people, clan, language, foreigner, village, or community, there are none that easily translate into "tribe." Sorting Zambians into a fixed number of "tribes" was a byproduct of British colonial rule over Northern Rhodesia (as Zambia was known prior to independence in 1964). The British also applied stereotypes to the different groups. Thus the Bemba, Ngoni and the Lozi were said to be "strong." The Bemba and the Ngoni were "warlike" although the Bemba were considered the much "finer race" because the Ngoni had intertwined with "inferior tribes and have been spoiled by civilization." The Lamba were labelled "lazy and indolent" and the Lunda considered to have "an inborn distaste for work in a regular way." These stereotypes in turn often determined access to jobs. The Lunda, for instance, were considered "good material from which to evolve good laborers."
The PanAfrican Journal and rubber were sought in africa with indigenous peoples forced to lands possessed;2) To seek Christian peoples with whom between the Jaga and the lundaLuba. http://www.fiu.edu/~bgso/articles/1100/01nov2000.htm
Extractions: Home About Us Articles Links ... Contact Us Portuguese Expansion and the Colonization of Angola to1700 The history of relations between Africa and Europe encompasses four distinct periods. The first being what can be described as the "Age of Reconnaissance", in which Europeans became better acquainted with lands beyond Europe and sought ways to exploit these territories for the benefit of European potentates. During this period, Europeans sought in Africa commodities (gold, salt, silver, wheat, and cloth to name a few) for home consumption and to achieve a better balance of trade with other European nations. That period gave way to the era of mercantilism whereas European powers began to claim lands across the Atlantic, and realized that agricultural production could yield positive results by producing staple commodities for European consumption and also by providing military outposts composed of citizens seeking to better their plight abroad. These events changed the objectives of Europeans in regards to their dealings with Africa. While the foundations for the slave trade had been laid in the previous era, this period saw the trade in men take first priority. Beginning in the latter years of the fifteenth century, the slave trade grew dramatically as European colonial possessions in the Americas expanded reaching its apex in the second half of the eighteenth century.
Carnelian International Risks Angola's remaining indigenous peoples fell into two disparate and gathering bandsof southern africa sometimes referred of domination by lunda speakers, made http://www.carnelian-international.com/angola/ethnic_groups_and_languages.htm
Extractions: Although Portuguese was Angola's official language, the great majority of Angolans (more than 95 percent of the total population) used languages of the Bantu familysome closely related, others remotely sothat were spoken by most Africans living south of the equator and by substantial numbers north of it. Angola's remaining indigenous peoples fell into two disparate categories. A small number, all in southern Angola, spoke so-called Click languages (after a variety of sounds characteristic of them) and differed physically from local African populations. These Click speakers shared characteristics, such as small stature and lighter skin colour, linking them to the hunting and gathering bands of southern Africa sometimes referred to by Europeans as Bushmen. The second category consisted of , largely urban and living in western Angola. Most spoke Portuguese, although some were also acquainted with African languages, and a few may have used such a language exclusively. The Definition of Ethnicity Bantu languages have been categorized by scholars into a number of sets of related tongues. Some of the languages in any set may be more or less mutually intelligible, especially in the areas where speakers of a dialect of one language have had sustained contact with speakers of a dialect of another language. Given the mobility and interpenetration of communities of Bantu speakers over the centuries, transitional languagesfor example, those that share characteristics of two tonguesdeveloped in areas between these communities. Frequently, the languages of a set, particularly those with many widely distributed speakers, would be divided into several dialects. In principle, dialects of the same language are considered mutually intelligible, although they are not always so in fact.
The Page Cannot Be Found their stereotypes of blacks as sexualized, warlike peoples. For example, the girlsamong the lunda of Zambia of the dance's connection to indigenous religions. http://www.africana.com/Articles/tt_134.htm
Mercenary Armies And Mineral Wealth or wear more gold and diamonds, indigenous peoples will continue to backed MPLA andthe US/South africabacked UNITA the diamond mining town of lunda Norte and http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/New_World_Order/Mercenaries_Minerals.html
Extractions: Mercenary Armies and Mineral Wealth by Pratap Chatterjee Covert Action Quarterly magazine Fall 1997 The two British men might have been mistaken for businessmen as they walked through the Peninsula hotel just outside Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG) this past February. Few in that South Pacific country noticed them and no one would have guessed that the heavy suitcases they carried were filled not with business papers but with cash. Nor could one blame bystanders, halfway across the world at the small airport in Yopal in the Andean foothills of eastern Colombia, for overlooking two black boxes carried by another pair of Brits. These men are part of a growing number of slick new corporate security operations around the world linking former intelligence officers, standing armies, and death squad veterans. In unholy alliance, they go into battle for new bosses: the mineral industries, which range from multinational corporations to small oil and mining entrepreneurs. Elizabeth Rubin, a contributing editor of Harper's magazine, recently summed up this new phenomenon of armies for hire: "It's not just a military machine. Behind it is the old colonial structure, only now it's dressed up in a sort of multinational corporation, with suits and Sat phones instead of Jeeps and parasols."
Africa The rapid growth of indigenous human rights organizations the African Commission onHuman and peoples' Rights(ACHPR the northern provinces of lunda Norte, lunda http://www.hrw.org/worldreport3/Africa.htm
Extractions: HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/ AFRICA OVERVIEW Human Rights Developments The year 1997 saw a major political realignment of the African continent, with the sudden collapse of the dictatorship of Mobutu Sese Seko in Zaire before the troops of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (ADFL), led by Laurent Kabila. The installation of Kabila as head of state of the renamed Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) brought to international attention a political trend underway since the late 1980s. Kabila joined President Museveni of Uganda and the rulers of Rwanda, Ethiopia and Eritrea as the newest representative of a "new generation" of African leaders. Kabila's conquest, with its dependence on assistance from neighboring states, also demonstrated that some African rulers were shedding old rules regarding the inviolability of territorial integrity and "non-interference" in the internal affairs of other states. While in many cases the new rulers had replaced governments distinguished primarily by the extreme repression they had inflicted on their own populations-in Rwanda a government guilty of genocide-the slogan of "African solutions to African problems" seemed designed also to disguise a rejection of the interdependence of human rights in some domains, and a refusal to permit autonomous monitoring of those rights in others. Old Wine in New Bottles: The Emerging Political Systems in East and Central Africa
Report On The Implementation Of The Plan Of with those groups (women, indigenous peoples, children, migrants RIGHTS, AS OF DECEMBER1998 africa Adja Afrikaans Lingala Lozi Luganda/Ganda lunda/Chokwelunda http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/E.CN.4.1999.87.En?OpenDocum
History Of African Art By Region nations as elsewhere on the continent, indigenous African religions Both the Lubaand the Kuba peoples of the The Chokwe, lunda, and other groups in northern http://www.a-piece-of-africa.com/h8.htm
Extractions: Western Africa is the home of many of the sculptural traditions for which African art has become internationally known. Wood carving is especially prominent in Cote d'Ivoire, in Sierra Leone and in Nigeria. Western Africa also claims an extensive range of other art forms, including clay sculpture, bronze casting, jewelry, and weaving. Some of these traditions are driven by religious practices in agricultural societies, others by the patronage of kings. The Senufo people of the Cote d'Ivoire make a staff with a female figure at the top, symbolizing both the power of humans to reproduce and the fertility of the soil. Ghana is well known for its Kente cloth, carved wooden stools, gold jewelry, and wood carvings. In days past, the kings of Ghana wore so much gold that they inspired the saying: "Great men move slowly."
