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Lithuania History:     more books (104)

Lithuania Awakening (Society and Culture in East-Central Europe, Vol 4) by Alfred Erich Senn, 1990-09-10 Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania by Giedre Mickunaite, 2006-10-30 Historical Dictionary of Lithuania by Saulius Suziedelis, 1997-07 Lithuanian fraternalism: Seventy-five years of U.S. Knights of Lithuania by William Wolkovich-Valkavicius, 1988 Executive Report on Strategies in Lithuania, 2000 edition (Strategic Planning Series) by The Lithuania Research Group, The Lithuania Research Group, 2000-11-02 The Jews of Pinsk, 1506 to 1880 (Stanford Studies in Jewish History and C) by Mordechai Nadav, 2007-11-20 Lithuania Nature History Culture Cities by Andra Kairiene, 1996 The Massacre of the Jews of Lithuania by Karen Sutton, 2008-12-25 Lithuania: The Rebel Nation (Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics) by V. Stanley Vardys, Judith Sedaitis, et all 1996-11-14 The New Theatre of the Baltics: From Soviet to Western Influence in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by Jeff Johnson, 2007-02-21

lists with details

21. Untitled
    Professional associations of pharmacists in lithuania history and directions ofactivity. Lithuanian Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy, Lithuania.  
    http://medicina.kmu.lt/0212/0212-14e.htm
    
    Extractions: Medicina 2002; 38 (12) e252-e256 Professional associations of pharmacists in Lithuania: history and directions of activity Lithuanian Museum of the History of Medicine and Pharmacy, Lithuania Key words: history of pharmacy, professional societies. Summary. The aim of this study was to describe the historical development of pharmaceutical organisations, their tasks and ability to fulfill them. In the XIXth century a rapid development of the science of pharmacy influenced a need for scientific collaboration. Thus, in 1819 Department of Pharmacy of Vilnius Medical Society was founded by Vilnius chemists. The main directions of the activity of the members of this department were the following: scientific investigations, solution of practical tasks, spreading of pharmaceutical information, popularization of the knowledge of pharmaceutical science. However, a progressive dynamic development of pharmacy was hindered by unfavorable political and economic factors. In 1948, Lithuanian Scientific Society of Pharmacists was founded. Despite its professional tasks it had also to proclaim ideological aims.

22. AIESEC Alumni Lithuania History
    Alumni Lithuania. HIST ORY 1991, AIESEC is established in Lithuania.1994, Aukso klubas is established in Vilnius in order to  
    http://www1.omnitel.net/norbis/alumni/@eng/@hist_e.htm
    
    Extractions: Alumni Lithuania H I S T O R Y AIESEC is established in Lithuania "Aukso klubas" is established in Vilnius in order to maintain relationships among former AIESEC'ers AIESEC Alumni Kaunas is established in order to maintain relationships among former Kaunas AIESEC'ers AIESEC Alumni Lithuania is established. This organization is the only one to unite all former AIESEC'ers in Lithuania. It replaces all former organizations of former AIESEC'ers in Lithuania. © Norbertas Zioba, 1998-99 URL: http://www.omnitel.net/norbis/alumni/@eng/@hist_e.htm

23. Lithuania: History, Resorces, People
    lithuania history, RESOURCES, PEOPLE Where to stay in LithuaniaHotel PERLIUKAS 4* (Palanga). I. GENERAL INFORMATION Lithuania  
    http://perliukas.narod.ru/Lithuania.html

24. New Independent States - Lithuania: History & Resources
    Lithuania / History and Resources. History. Basic Facts. History Resources. Thetwo parties formed a coalition government (the first in Lithuania's history).  
    http://wrc.lingnet.org/lithuhis.htm
    
    Extractions: Area Studies / New Independent States Lithuania / History and Resources Basic Facts The ancestors of the modern Lithuanians were known as Balts and probably reached the area from the south-east around 2000 BC. By the 12th century the Balt peoples were split into tribal groups, all practicing nature religions. The two main groups in Lithuania were the Samogitians in the west and the Aukstaitiai in the east. In what is now south-west Lithuania and in neighbouring parts of Poland were the Yotvingians, also a Balt people, later to be assimilated by the Lithuanians and Poles. In the mid-13th century Mindaugas, leader of the Aukstaitiai, unified the Lithuanian tribes for a short time under the Catholic mantle. Pagan princes fought back and the country reverted back to paganism. They were then subjugated by another Christian, Vytenis, who became grand duke in 1290. His brother Gediminas, grand duke from 1316 to 1341, took advantage of the decline of the early Russian state to push Lithuania's borders south and east. It was Gediminas' grandson, Jogaila, who converted to Catholicism and married the crown princess of Poland in 1386, thus forging a 400-year bond between the states. The Aukstaitiai were baptised in 1387 and the Samogitians in 1413, making Lithuania the last European country to accept Christianity.

25. Lithuania: History
    Click to go to text menu. You are here History, Lithuania. Lithuanians have livedalong the shores of the Baltic Sea since long before the Christian era.  
    http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=73

26. Lithuania: History
    lithuania history. Early History to the Nineteenth Century. Thepagan Liths, or Lithuanians, may have settled along the Nemen as  
    http://www.slider.com/enc/31000/Lithuania_History.htm
    
    Extractions: Lithuania: History The pagan Liths, or Lithuanians, may have settled along the Nemen as early as 1500 b.c. In the 13th century the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Teutonic Knights conquered the region now comprising Estonia, Latvia, and parts of Lithuania. To protect themselves against the Knights, who pressed them from the north and the south, the Lithuanians formed (13th century) a strong unified state. The grand dukes Gedimin (1316-41) and Olgerd (1345-77) expanded their territories at the expense of the neighboring Russian principalities, which were weakened by the Mongol invasion. Lithuania became one of the largest states of medieval Europe, including all of what is now Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and sections of European Russia; at its furthest extent it touched the Black Sea. Olgerd's son, Jagiello, became king of Poland in 1386 as Ladislaus II by his marriage with Jadwiga , daughter of Louis I of Poland and Hungary. He accepted and introduced Christianity.

27. Lithuania: History
    ce6/world/A0859312.html. encyclopediaEncyclopedia—lithuania history.Early History to the Nineteenth Century. The pagan Liths, or  
    http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0859312.html
    
    Extractions: Encyclopedia Lithuania The pagan Liths, or Lithuanians, may have settled along the Nemen as early as 1500 B.C. In the 13th cent. the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and the Teutonic Knights conquered the region now comprising Estonia, Latvia, and parts of Lithuania. To protect themselves against the Knights, who pressed them from the north and the south, the Lithuanians formed (13th cent.) a strong unified state. Ladislaus II by his marriage with Jadwiga , daughter of Louis I of Poland and Hungary. He accepted and introduced Christianity. The union between Lithuania and Poland had at first the character of an alliance between independent nations. Witowt Tannenberg and Novgorod. After Witowt's death, decline set in. The Belarussians, who had retained their Greek Orthodox faith, inclined toward the rising grand duchy of Moscow. In 1569, hard pressed by the Russians under Ivan IV, Lithuania was joined with Poland by the Union of Lublin to form a commonwealth. The Lithuanian aristocracy and burghers became thoroughly Polonized. By the three successive partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) Lithuania disappeared as a national unit and passed to Russia. A Lithuanian linguistic and cultural revival began in the 19th cent., inspired largely by the Roman Catholic clergy and accompanied by frequent anti-Russian uprisings. World War I and the consequent collapse of Russia and Germany made Lithuanian independence possible. Proclaimed (Feb., 1918) an independent kingdom under German protection, Lithuania became (Nov., 1918) an independent republic.

28. Lithuania
    Directory. Adoption Sites, Adoption Community, Adoption Shop, AdoptionReunion, International Adoption. lithuania history. Historical Background  
    http://lithuanian.adoption.com/files/history/Lithuania.php?country=Lithuania

29. HISTORY OF LITHUANIA
    HISTORY OF LITHUANIA. Lessons Vilnius. However, Lithuania's history is notlimited by the 20th century alone, as its roots lie much deeper.  
    http://www2.gol.com/users/lithemb/eng/history.html
    
    Extractions: Lessons of History: Is Lithuania a Newly Born State? The Lithuanian state is proud of its over 700-year history. Sometimes, however, Lithuania is referred to merely as a country separated from the Soviet Union or even as a newborn state. One might get the wrong impression that Lithuania was once an integral part of the Soviet Union and had to separate somehow, for unknown reasons. In a few years Lithuania will celebrate 1,000 years since the first recorded mention of Lithuania was made in 1009 in the Quedlinburg Annals. From 1392 to 1430, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe, stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. The loss of independence in 1940 was a consequence of the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a trade-off between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. This pact resulted in the complete annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union. On March 11, 1990, after 50 years of Soviet control, Lithuania re-established its statehood. Thus, it can by no means be considered a newborn state.It is important to remember that many Western countries refused to recognize the incorporation of Lithuania and other Baltic States into the Soviet Union, and the Lithuanian diplomatic missions were active in the United States, Britain, Vatican City, Uruguay, Brazil, Canada and Colombia all the way until the re-establishment of independence.

30. Lithuanian Search Engine – For Information On Lithuania, Map Of Lithuania, Hote
    For Lithuania flag map news lithuania history culture map flag news hotel Lithuanianhistory news airlines flag hotel Lithuania culture airlines hotel picture  
    http://www.lithuaniasearch.info/
    
    Extractions: Search Engine.Search for information on Lithuania, map of Lithuania, hotel in Lithuania, travel, Vilnius, hotel in Vilnius, map of Vilnius travel guide. Get information on Lithuania hotel, travel guide, map and information on Vilnius hotel, travel guide, map. Lithuania hotel, Vilnius travel guide, Vilnius map. Planet Search Search Engine Query Select Country Search Engine Search The World Algeria Argentina Australia Austria Bahamas Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cameroon Canada Caribbean Chile China Columbia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt England Estonia Fiji Finland France Germany Ghana Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Kuwait Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malaysia Malta Mexico Monaco Morocco Mozambique Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Northern Ireland North Korea Norway Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Tunisia Turkey Ukraine UK United Arab Emirates Uruguay USA Venezuela Vietnam Wales Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Search The World 'Any Country' plus search.info

31. Lithuania - Culture & History, Museums, Language
    Eastern Europe Travel Planner Lithuania Culture and History. lithuania historyThis small country stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea 500 years ago.  
    http://goeasteurope.about.com/library/travel/blt_li5.htm
    
    Extractions: Lithuania - Culture and History Eastern Europe Travel Planner Index Lithuania has much to offer to the student of history and art. Vilnius is home to charming 18th century palaces and churches. For detailed information, use the carefully selected sources to which links have been provided. Current Events

32. LycosZone Directory > Homework > History And Current Events > Russian History (a
    What kind of Lithuania Websites are you looking for? lithuania history A brief history of Lithuania Grade Level 6-8, or you  
    http://www.lycoszone.com/dir/Homework/History and Current Events/Russian History

33. History Of Lithuania
    History of Lithuania. Lonely Planet lithuania history An indepth historyof the country from Lonely Planet, the travel guidebook company.  
    http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxlithuania.htm

34. Belarus History And Famous Personalities
    in Europe (po); La storia della Bieloussia (it); Literature on BelarusHistory (ru); lithuania history (en); Lithuanian Youth Fraternity  
    http://www.ac.by/country/history.html

35. History Of Lithuania
    lithuania history The earliest evidence of inhabitants in presentdayLithuania dates back to 10,000 BC. Between 3,000-2,000 BC, the  
    http://www.worldrover.com/history/lithuania_history.html
    
    Extractions: HISTORY The earliest evidence of inhabitants in present-day Lithuania dates back to 10,000 BC. Between 3,000-2,000 BC, the cord-ware culture people spread over a vast region of Eastern Europe, between the Baltic Sea and the Vistula River in the west and the Moscow-Kursk line in the east. Merging with the indigenous population, they gave rise to the Balts, a distinct Indo-European ethnic group whose descendants are the present-day Lithuanian and Latvian nations and the now extinct Prussians. The first written mention of Lithuania occurs in 1009 AD, although many centuries earlier the Roman historian Tacitus referred to the Lithuanians as excellent farmers. Spurred by the expansion into the Baltic lands of the Germanic monastic military orders (the Order of the Knights of the Sword and the Teutonic Order) Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians, the Samogitians, Yotvingians and Couranians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1230s and 40s. In 1251 Mindaugas adopted Catholicism and was crowned King of Lithuania on July 6, 1253; a decade later, civil war erupted upon his assassination until a ruler named Vitenis defeated the Teutonic Knights and restored order. Lithuania's independence under the union with Poland was restored by Grand Duke Vytautas. During his rule (1392-1430) the GDL turned into one of the largest states in Europe, encompassing present-day Belarus, most of Ukraine and the Smolensk region of western Russia. Led by Jogaila and Vytautas, the united Polish-Lithuanian army defeated the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg (Gruenwald or Zalgiras) in 1410, terminating the medieval Germanic drive eastward.

36. HISTORY Of Lithuania
    HISTORY of Lithuania. FORMATION OF THE STATE Until 1200 AD the Baltictribes, Prussians, Yatvingens, Semigallians, Curonians, Lithuanians  
    http://www.vaitasassociates.com/history.htm
    
    Extractions: HISTORY of Lithuania FORMATION OF THE STATE Until 1200 AD the Baltic tribes, Prussians, Yatvingens, Semigallians, Curonians, Lithuanians, Latgalians, Galindians, Samogitians and others along the Southeastern shores of the Baltic were largely unnoticed by then “civilized” world and were individually ruled by their own tribal chieftains. They were the last non-baptized pagan peoples in Europe sandwiched between the Byzantine East and the Roman West. The end of Crusades left many of the Western religious military Orders unemployed and with no place to go. Rome’s solution was to use their zeal to subjugate and impose Christianity on the Baltic tribes. In 1200 AD the Knights of The Sword Order, also known as Livonian Order, established themselves at the mouth of river Dauguva (presently Riga) and quickly conquered Livians, Latvians, Coronians and Estonians. At the same time, in 1230, the Order of the Knights of the Cross established themselves on the banks of river Vistula (presently Kaliningrad), then engaged and in time subjugat ed the Prussians.

37. Lithuania: From Ancient Times To World War I - A Part Of Randburg
    Chronicles lithuania's history, describing the Baltic state's development under different rulers. Includes photographs. of Poland in 1386, started the 400year common history of lithuania and Poland, which was marked by several agreements  
    http://www.randburg.com/li/general/general_7.html
    
    Extractions: The Baltic tribes established themselves on what is presently known as Lithuanian territory during the 7th-2nd centuries BC. Many centuries passed, however, before the name of Lithuania appeared in records for the first time, in AD 1009, in the Annals of Quedlinburg. During the period 1236-63, Duke Mindaugas (Mindowe) united the Lithuanian ethnic lands and established the state of Lithuania, which was able to offer resistance against the eastward expansion of the Teutonic Knights. In 1253, Mindaugas embraced Christianity for political reasons, and accepted the crown from the Pope of Rome. Thus, he became the first and only king in Lithuanian history. Grand Duke Gediminas (Gedimin), who ruled the country from 1316 to 1341, started the long-term expansion of Lithuania into the lands of the eastern Slavs. He founded the modern capital city of Vilnius and started the Gediminaiciai dynasty, whose representatives became members of many European monarchies. A Gediminaitis, Jogaila (Jagiello), in becoming the King of Poland in 1386, started the 400-year common history of Lithuania and Poland, which was marked by several agreements and unions. As a result of this union, Christianity finally came to Lithuania.

38. WWW-VL History Index
    WWWVL history Index site providing links for WWW-VL history lithuania. Click here for  
    http://www.ukans.edu/history/VL/europe/lithuania.html

39. HISTORY
    history. The rich culture of lithuania goes back thousands of years.lithuanians are a branch of the Balts whose settlement dates  
    http://neris.mii.lt/history/history.html
    
    Extractions: The rich culture of Lithuania goes back thousands of years. Lithuanians are a branch of the Balts whose settlement dates back to around 200 B.C. Lithuanian is one of the oldest languages in Europe. The first written mention of Lithuania was in the Annales Quedlinburgenses in 1009 A.D. The first Lithuanian state was established by the Grand Duke Mindaugas in 1230. He converted to Christianity briefly and was crowned king of Lithuania in 1252. The Grand Duke Gediminas, who reigned from 1316 to 1341, is credited with founding Vilnius at the confluence of Neris and Vilnia rivers - and a dynasty that united Lithuania and Poland from 1386 until 1795. Lithuania reached its height under the Grand Duke Vytautas the Great, who ruled from 1392 to 1430. He strengthened the foundations for Europeanized and Catholic state. Driving back the Turks, he extended the grand duchy almost to the Black Sea. Map of LITHUANIA (14th - 15th century) In 1410, Vytautas and his cousin Jogaila decisively beat the German crusaders of the Teutonic Order in the great battle of Tannenberg. He celebrated his victory in his magnificent red-brick castle on an island at Trakai. Lithuania progressively entered European culture. At the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Polish-Lithuanian kingdom was formally marged into a commonwealth headed by a monarch. In 1579, the region's oldest university, Vilnius University, was established by the Jesuits. It was one of the most important centers of the Counter-Reformation. The country now has six universities, academies and research institutes.

40. HISTORY
    1009 The name of lithuania was first mentioned in the Latin chronicle Annales Quedlinburgenses (Annals of Quedlinburg). Mindaugas did a lot for lithuania.  
    http://neris.mii.lt/history/history2.html
    
    Extractions: The Period of Formation of the Lithuanian State The name of Lithuania was first mentioned in the Latin chronicle "Annales Quedlinburgenses" (Annals of Quedlinburg). Crusaders began their expansion to the Baltic area. Crusaders began conguests of Lithuanian tribes in the West of Lithuania. Lithuanians gained victory over the Knights of the Sword (at Siauliai). Mindaugas rule. Mindaugas did a lot for Lithuania. He managed to join many small duchies into one large and strong state, introduced Lithuania to the European countries. Mindaugas ruled all Lithuanian territorial units. Mindaugas was christianized and crowned the King of Lithuania. Prussians and other Western Lithuanian tribes rose in rebellion against the Teutonic Order. The rebellion was led by Herkus Mantas. Dominance of Lithuania. Advance of Grand Dukes. Gediminas' rule. Gediminas laid the foundations for his dynasty and Lithuania's might. 1387 Aukstaitija (the Highlands of Lithuania) was christianized. Vilnius was granted the right of Magdeburg. Vytautas the Great ruled Lithuania.

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