Geometry.Net - Basic_L: Light Pollution

Sky And Telescope - The Essential Magazine Of Astronomy
Various articles about light pollution including one on the history of the problem, one on rating the darkness of your sky, one on how astronomers can do more to help reduce light pollution and one on good lighting fixtures.
http://skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/

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Light Pollution
light pollution WHEN THE NIGHT NEVER GETS DARK. It will cost less inthe long run, and you are then in charge of your light pollution.
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/6389/Light_Pollution.htm

Extractions: This article first appeared in the Charlotte Observer in January of 1996, and is reprinted on this website, with the kind permission of the Charlotte Observer . Although this article was written specifically about the city of Charlotte, it is not just a local problem that only affects Charlotte. It is a problem that is common to ALL major metropolitan centers, and that is why we have elected to reprint this article here. Section: VIEWPOINT By DANIEL B. CATON, Special to The Observer Imagine a National Park where we permitted the scenic views to be needlessly polluted with man-made refuse to the point where we could only barely see the most prominent features. Subtle valleys and glades are filled to the brim, with only the greatest peaks rising above a sea of litter. Suppose further that this trashing of the environment was not intentional, but allowed to advance even though the alternative is less costly and would save other natural resources.
Light Pollution- The Problem
If the night is cloudy, the light pollution effects are striking.The companies. So Next How Much Does light pollution Costs?
http://www.pha.jhu.edu/~atolea/second/page1.html

Extractions: However, most of us have contemplated similar views during airplane takeoffs or landings. The view is fantastic, thousands of city lights shining like starts on the ground, outlining the roads and neighborhoods. But one has to go a little bit further than that and think. Should you see those lights at all? Is there any use of the light that you see, light that obviously goes up, other than illuminating bird and airplane bellies? We all know why we have light outside. Outdoor lighting is used to illuminate roadways, parking lots, yards, sidewalks, public meeting areas, signs, work sites, and buildings. It provides us with better visibility and a sense of security. People sleep better when their property is properly lighted, when their car outside is clearly visible through the window. However, light alone does not provide security, but a sense of security. Unless your up all night, nothing guards you better than a dog, a fence/door/window security system or police patrols in your neighborhood.
Where Has The Night Sky Gone, And Why Should We Care?
A research paper investigating the development of and possible solutions to light pollution.
http://members.aol.com/ctstarwchr/nightsky.htm

Extractions: Global Awareness The World Congress on Managing and Measuring Sustainable Development is trying to raise awareness and discover new ways to manage our environment better than we have done in the past. "This third millennium is a new challenge. New standards, goals and objectives have to be defined. Firm universal guidelines are essentials in keeping the world healthy. Already we notice new ways of thinking being embraced, new behaviors and attitudes adopted. Global ethics are required to do business and deal with one another to sustain Earth." - preface "The World Congress will bring forward many more new concepts and value systems, Global Ethics, and a Vision of Earth in Year 2024." - theme The following paper will be presented at the World Congress on Managing and Measuring Sustainable Development in August of 2000. Written by Cliff Haas It happened slowly at first several decades ago, a process that was hardly noticeable. A light here, a light there, burning their way into the dark nighttime realm, helping us see in the darkness when we're all in our beds fast sleep. The process continued as it continues today, with little thought ever given to what we are stealing away. Our intentions are good but our methods need adjustment, and they need to be adjusted immediately. In fact, our methods should have been adjusted years ago, but nearly everyone has resisted, perhaps due to a profound lack of awareness. As a consequence, the stars in the nighttime sky began to disappear. One here, one there, a hardly noticeable process began to progress slowly across the nighttime sky, beginning at first over large metropolitan areas then spread slowly to nearly every corner that civilized people reside. Astronomers began to complain as faint celestial objects billions of miles away began to disappear from their telescopes. The public and officials laughed their cries off, not considering at all what was being lost by this process. To correct the problem would hurt business and we certainly could never do that! In fact, correcting the problem would help business more than most people presently realize.
Save Our Starry Skies V2.0
Provides information about light pollution for young people.
http://saveourstarryskies.homestead.com/
The Salt Lake Tribune -- Light Pollution
light pollution. We are eighthgrade students at Hillside Middle School.In our problems. We chose to research light pollution. Many
http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Feb/02132003/public_f/28994.asp

Extractions: Many people are unaware of light pollution and what it does to our environment. Light pollution is misused or misdirected light. This misused light puts a glare over the night sky which makes it harder to see the stars at night. Not everyone likes to go stargazing, but there are other problems caused by light pollution. We encourage people to use motion detectors around their property instead of timed lights. Business owners should turn off their neon or lighted signs when business hours are over. Homeowners should use lighting outside their house only where it is needed. If your street has light posts, there should be as few as possible. Every house doesn't need a light post in front of it. You can also put lower-watt light bulbs in your fixtures.
WAS Index
Home About WAS Upcoming Events Members Astro Images light pollution JoinWAS More Info WASP Stargate Historic Photos Whats New. light pollution.
http://www.boonhill.net/was/iwlites.html
Ted's Astropix: Light Pollution Scourge
Personal sermon on light pollution by a Ohio resident with various bits of information on the topic.
http://www.saker.com/astropix/astropix.htm

Extractions: YOU HAVE FOUND THEM! TED'S ASTROPIX! You have demonstrated your cleverness, taken the time to click on the secret link, and found my astrophotography pages. I pursue my passion for Astronomy, particularly Astrophotography, on those fairly rare transparent nights in Central Ohio. I took these pictures from various locations; however, one scourge exists: EXTREME LIGHT POLLUTION! The caramel glow of wasteful and inefficient outdoor lighting extends some 40 degrees into the sky in every direction around the horizon as seen from my Columbus backyard. The background on this page roughly approximates the appearance of the nighttime sky from my backyard. The lights shining into my property from my neighbors' houses is also a major nuisance. How would you like it if your neighbor played heavy metal music at 120 decibels and directed it towards your house on a constant basis? Heck, neighbors of the local amphitheater, a concert venue drawing all kinds of acts, who are residents of the City of Westerville, have complained for years about the noise from performances staged at the amphitheater. The lack of concern for their quality of life on the part of the City of Columbus (where the amphitheater is located) and the owners of the venue underscore the frustration of those seeking to contain nuisances. Light pollution is equivalent to being subjected to loud noise on a continual basis.
VDCLP10. (Lighting &) Light Pollution
List of References relating to planning and light pollution.Category Society Issues Regulation United KingdomVDCLP10. (LIGHTING ) light pollution (updated 13.2.03) DetailedTopic Index / Main Planning bibliographies Index; For relevant
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/sbe/planbiblios/bibs/vacant/10.html

Extractions: in the Sustainable Urban Travel bibliography in the Local Planning bibliography in the bibliography Plg. conditions Plg. implementation Urban Design in the bibliography N.B. also the RTPI library catalogue on the web - go to http://www.rtpi.org.uk/library/lib_search.html OFL=Ordered for Library - please check University Library catalogue for latest on availability:
Science Year Home Page
Information about the scienceyear project on light pollution at Shire Oaks school. Includes photographs, explanations of the problem and its causes effects and a light pollution questionnaire for pupils.
http://www.shire-oak.walsall.sch.uk/subjects/sciweb/scienceyear/index.htm

Extractions: CAMPAIGN for DARK SKIES The CfDS is an organisation committed to the reduction and then the abolition of light pollution in our cities. You may be familiar with the " orange glow " from a city on the horizon - this is light pollution. Click the links below to find out more. Please take the time to download and complete our questionnaire. It is the first time at Shire Oak that we are attempting an online survey. It will involve printing out a questionnaire and returning it to us via your children at school. Thank you. Why choose this campaign? What is light pollution? Why is it important to reduce light pollution? Do you suffer from light pollution? - questionnaire Our pupils' websites Luke and Matt Daniel and Andrew Luke and Rob Thank you
CNN - Light Pollution Threatens National Parks - March 29, 1999
light pollution threatens national parks. light pollution, which Fortunately,reducing light pollution is easy. Plus, it's good
http://www.cnn.com/NATURE/9903/29/light.pollution.enn/

Extractions: The splendor of camping out and star gazing is a threatened pastime, according a survey of light pollution impacts on the U.S. National Park System conducted by the National Parks and Conservation Association. "Protecting dark night skies in our National Parks is as vital as protecting clean air, water, wildlife and the sounds of nature," said Thomas Kiernan, president of the conservation organization. "Star gazing is a connection to humanity's earliest curiosity about our place in the universe. It is practically impossible to see the stars from most cities, but now, clear night vistas in our national parks are an important resource that is literally fading from sight." According to the survey: Nearly two-thirds 64 percent of parks responding to the survey that permit overnight visitation consider light pollution a resource problem.
Satellite Photo Of Light Pollution
Catching the Light Astrophotography by Jerry Lodriguss Back Home Next Other Images. Images Index. light pollution Observing Sites Map.
http://www.astropix.com/HTML/H_OTHER/SATPOL1.HTM

Extractions: The darkness of the night sky is plotted on this map in color codes. The colors go from white for the worst conditions near major urban areas, through red, orange, yellow, green, blue and black. Black indicates locations where the natural brightness is not compromised at all. Cities are abbreviated with the first letter of their names and some observing sites are numbered. As can be seen, there are few truly dark areas left anywhere on the northeast coast of the United States. A nearly continuous stretch of severe light pollution runs all the way from Washington D.C. through Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City to Boston. Data in the image were plotted in 2001 by P. Cinzano, F. Falchi (University of Padova), C. D. Elvidge (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder) in the first World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso (Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute) of Thiene, Italy also supported part of the study. According to Cinzano et al, "These maps do not give information on the star visibility, however mainly polluted areas usually are at sea level, so very approximately we can say that the orange level in our standard scale indicates areas where the milky way is invisible or quite difficult to see by an average observer in normal clear nights. The red areas indicates zones where very approximately one hundredth of stars, or few more, is visible over 30 degrees of elevation. Blue border indicates artificial sky brightness over 10% than the natural brightness which is the definition of "light polluted sky". Yellow indicates an artificial sky brightness equal to the natural so that the total sky brightness is doubled."
Anti Light Pollution Petition
A petition calling for the passing of lightpollution-control legislation by the UK government.
http://www.petitiononline.com/lp66/petition.html

Extractions: The Anti Light Pollution Petition to UK Government and Parliament was created by UK Citizens and written by Joe Blakesley . This petition is hosted here at www.PetitionOnline.com as a public service. There is no express or implied endorsement of this petition by Artifice, Inc. or our sponsors. The petition scripts are created by Mike Wheeler at Artifice, Inc. For Technical Support please use our simple Petition Help form. Send this to a friend Send Petition to a Friend Start a Petition Privacy ... Search http://www.PetitionOnline.com/lp66/petition.html
BILL INFO-2001 Regular Session-HJ 14
Resolution to create a taskforce to combat light pollution in the state.
http://mlis.state.md.us/2001rs/billfile/HJ0014.htm

Extractions: 2001 Regular Session bill information current as of December 5, 2001 - 11:32 p.m. Sponsors Title Synopsis History ... JOINT RESOLUTION NUMBER: 12 File Code: Natural Resources - Generally Establishing a Task Force to Study Lighting Efficiency and Light Pollution in Maryland; requiring the Task Force to study the cost, extent, causes, and consequences of current public lighting standards and policies and light pollution in Maryland; providing for the membership and appointment of the Task Force; requiring the Department of General Services to coordinate the professional and administrative support of the Task Force; and requiring the Task Force to issue a final report to the General Assembly by February 1, 2002. House Action First Reading Appropriations Hearing 3/6 at 11:00 a.m.
Enlighten Maryland - What Is Light Pollution
Merriam Webster's defintion of light pollution n(1971) artifical skylight(as from city lights) that interferes with astronomical observation.
http://www.enlightenmaryland.org/what_light_pollution.asp
City Of Bisbee Light Pollution Code
http://c3po.cochise.cc.az.us/astro/pollution05p.htm

Extractions: ORDINANCE 0-98-10 AN ORDINANCE OF THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL, CITY OF BISBEE, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA, ADOPTING ARTICLE 7.10. LIGHT POLLUTION CODE WHEREAS the Light Pollution Code is complete and NOW, THEREFORE BE IT ORDAINED by the Mayor and City Council, City of Bisbee, that a Document entitled "Article 7.10. Light Pollution Code" is hereby adopted and attached as Exhibit "A" and replaces the existing Article 7.10. of the Bisbee City Code. BE IT FURTHER ORDAINED that the Light Pollution Code is declared to be a public record and said copy is ordered to remain on file with the City Clerk. BE IT FURTHER ORDAINED that all ordinances, parts of ordinances, resolutions, parts of resolutions, in conflict with the provisions of the Ordinance, or any part hereof, are hereby repealed. That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of the Ordinance or any part hereof is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion hereof. PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED
Enlighten Maryland - What Is Light Pollution
galactic neighbors. Besides robbing us of the stars and universe, lightpollution has many other effects on the world. Here are a few.
http://www.enlightenmaryland.org/what_light_pollution/effects.asp

Extractions: 11:10 PM EST Light Pollution What is Being Done Effects Glossary For the past two million years, humans have looked up at night in awe of the beauty of the Milky Way. We have wondered where we came from and if we were alone. Only in the past hundred years have we realized that we are made of stardust. But ironically, the industrial age has started to take away wonders of the night sky, making it more difficult to see the stars from which we came and hindering our search for galactic neighbors. Besides robbing us of the stars and universe, light pollution has many other effects on the world. Here are a few. Bird Migration Nobody is certain of the total number killed across North America. But Michael Mesure of the Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP), a Toronto organization working to publicize the problem, estimates that at least 100 million birds are killed annually by manmade structures. "More birds die each year through collisions than died in the Exxon Valdez spill," he says. A tall building in the path of a migration can claim hundreds of lives. One example: From 1982 to 1996, 1,500 migrating birds have smacked into Chicago's McCormick Place Exposition Center.
Flagstaff Arizona Light Pollution Code
http://c3po.cochise.cc.az.us/astro/pollution06p.htm

Extractions: Updated (Canopy caps): June 1999 DIVISION 10-08-002. DEVELOPMENT LIGHTING REGULATIONS 10-08-002-0001. INTENT AND PURPOSE 10-08-002-0002. APPLICABILITY A. NEW USES, BUILDINGS AND ADDITIONS: All proposed new land uses, developments, buildings, structures, or building additions of twenty-five (25) percent or more in terms of additional dwelling units, gross floor area, seating capacity, or other units of measurement specified herein, either with a single addition or cumulative additions subsequent to the effective date of this provision, August 5, 1999, shall meet the requirements of this Division for the entire property. This includes additions which increase the total number of required parking spaces by twenty-five (25) percent or more. For all building additions of less than twenty-five (25) percent cumulative, the applicant shall only have to meet the requirements of this Division for any new outdoor lighting provided.
Day One For Light Pollution Law
Day one for light pollution law. Czech on. The first national law prohibiting'light pollution' comes into effect there tomorrow.
http://www.nature.com/nsu/020527/020527-14.html

Extractions: 31 May 2002 TOM CLARKE Starry nights in Prague are on the up. There'll be starrier skies over the Czech Republic from now on. The first national law prohibiting 'light pollution' comes into effect there tomorrow. From 1 June, all outdoor light fixtures in the country must be shielded to ensure light goes only in the direction intended, and not above the horizontal. Light from street and road signs bounces off molecules in the atmosphere, making skies, especially over cities, less dark. This light pollution is a particular problem for astronomers. Even low levels of man-made light from distant cities can obscure their view of faint objects far away in space. Czech astronomers who lobbied for the legislation are delighted, but everyone should benefit from the new law, they say. "My fellow citizens are as concerned as I am about glare from poorly designed lighting. They're happy action was taken," says Jenik Hollan, an astronomer at Nicholas Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium in Brno. Others hope the initiative will catch on elsewhere. "We applaud the Czechs and are committed to helping other governments enact similar legislation," says astronomer David Crawford, executive director of the International Dark-Sky Association, a US-based group that campaigns to curb light pollution.
Statutes In Title 49
Chapter 7 of this statute covers light pollution.
http://www.azleg.state.az.us/ars/49/title49.htm

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