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CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander II
(Catholic Encyclopedia)Category Society Religion and Spirituality AHome Catholic Encyclopedia A pope alexander II. pope alexanderII. Reigned 10611073. As Anselm of Lucca, he had been recognized
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01286a.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Pope Alexander II A B C D ... Z Reigned 1061-1073 As Anselm of Lucca, he had been recognized for a number of years as one of the leaders of the reform party, especially in the Milanese territory, where he was born at Baggio, of noble parentage. Together with Hildebrand , he had imbibed in Cluny (q.v.) the zeal for reformation. The first theatre of his activity was Milan, where he was one of the founders of the Pataria, and lent to that great agitation against simony and clerical incontinency the weight of his eloquence and noble birth. The device of silencing him, contrived by Archbishop Guido and other episcopal foes of reform in Lombardy, viz. sending him to the court of the Emperor Henry III, had the contrary effect of enabling him to spread the propaganda in Germany. In 1057 the Emperor appointed him to the bishopric of Lucca. With increased prestige, he reappeared twice in Milan as legate of the Holy See, in 1057 in the company of Hildebrand , and in 1059 with St. Peter Damiani. Under the able generalship of this saintly triumvirate the reform forces were held well in hand, in preparation for the inevitable conflict. The decree of Nicholas II (1059) by which the right of papal elections was virtually vested in the College of Cardinals, formed the issue to be fought and decided at the next vacancy of the Apostolic Throne. The death of
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Alexander III, Pope
Home Catholic Encyclopedia A pope alexander III. pope alexander III.Pope from 115981 (Orlando Bandinelli), born of a distinguished
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01287a.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Pope Alexander III A B C D ... Z Pope from 1159-81 (Orlando Bandinelli), born of a distinguished Sienese family; died 3 August, 1181. As professor in Bologna he acquired a great reputation as a canonist, which he increased by the publication of his commentary on the "Decretum" of Gratian, popularly known as "Summa Magistri Rolandi." Called to Rome by Eugene III in the year 1150, his advancement was rapid. He was created Cardinal Deacon, then Cardinal-Priest of the title of St. Mark, and Papal Chancellor. He was the trusted adviser of Adrian IV and was regarded as the soul of the party of independence among the cardinals, which sought to escape the German yoke by alliance with the Normans of Naples. For openly asserting before Barbarossa at the Diet of Besancon (1157) that the imperial dignity was a papal beneficium conclave Protestant tradition since the days of Luther To crown and seal the triumph of religion, Alexander convoked and presided over the Third Lateran Council (Eleventh Ecumenical), in 1179. Surrounded by over 300 bishops, the much-tried Pontiff issued many salutary decrees, notably the ordinance which vested the exclusive right of papal elections in a two-thirds vote of the cardinals. Throughout all the vicissitudes of his chequered career Alexander remained a canonist. A glance at the Decretals shows that, as an ecclesiastical legislator, he was scarcely second to Innocent III . Worn out by trials, he died at Civita Castellana. When we are told that "the Romans" pursued his remains with curses and stones, the remembrance of a similar scene at the burial of
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander IV
Reveals details of this thirteenth century church leader's rise to the head of the papacy and highlights of his reign. Home Catholic Encyclopedia A pope alexander IV
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01287b.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Pope Alexander IV A B C D ... Z Pope from 1254-61 (Rinaldo Conti), of the house of Segni, which had already given two illustrious sons to the Papacy, Innocent III and Gregory IX , date of birth uncertain; died 25 May, 1261, at Viterbo. He was created Cardinal-Deacon, in 1227, by his uncle Gregory IX , and four years later Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia. Gregory also bequeathed to him his solicitude for the Franciscan Order, which he had 80 well befriended. On the death of Innocent IV , at Naples, 7 December, 1254, the aged Cardinal was unanimously chosen to succeed him. We may well believe his protestation that he yielded very reluctantly to the importunities of the Sacred College. Matthew of Paris has depicted him as "kind and religious, assiduous in prayer and strict in abstinence, but easily led away by the whispering of flatterers, and inclined to listen to the wicked suggestions of avaricious persons". The "flatterers" and "avaricious persons" referred to were those who induced the new Pontiff to continue Innocent's policy of a war of extermination against the progeny of Frederick II. now reduced to the infant Conradin in Germany and the formidable Manfred in Apulia. Many an historian at the present day agrees with the shrewd chronicler, that it would have been far more statesmanlike and might have averted the disasters that were in destiny for the Church, the Empire, and Italy, had Alexander firmly espoused the cause of Conradin. Deterred by the precedent of the infant Frederick, the "viper" that the Roman Church had nourished to become its destroyer, and persuaded that iniquity was hereditary. in the whole brood of the Hohenstaufens, he continued
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Alexander VII
Biographical article on this seventeenthcentury pontiff.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01294a.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Pope Alexander VII A B C D ... Z Fabio Chigi, born at Sienna, 13 February, 1599; elected 7 April, 1655; died at Rome, 22 May, 1667. The Chigi of Sienna were among the most illustrious and powerful of Italian families. In the Rome of Renaissance times, an ancestor of Alexander VII was known as the "Magnificent". The future Pope's father, Flavio Chigi, nephew of Pope Paul V, though not as prosperous as his forebears, gave his son a suitable training. The latter owed much also to his mother, a woman of singular power and skill in the formation of youth. The youth of Fabio was marked by continued ill-health, consequent upon an attack of apoplexy in infancy. Unable to attend school, he was taught first by his mother, and later by able tutors, and displayed remarkable precocity and love of reading. In his twenty-seventh year, he obtained the doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology in the University of Sienna, and in December, 1626, he entered upon his ecclesiastical career at Rome. In 1627 he was appointed by Urban VIII Vice-Legate of Ferrara, and he served five years under the Cardinals Sacchetti and Pallotta, whose commendations won for him the important post of Inquisitor of Malta, together with the episcopal consecration. In 1639 he was promoted to the nunciature of Cologne; and in 1644 was made envoy extraordinary of
Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope was born in London as the son of Alexander Pope, aRoman Catholic linenmerchant, and Edith (Turner) Pope. She was
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/apope.htm

Extractions: A B C D ... Z by birthday from the calendar Credits and feedback Alexander Pope (1688-1744) English essayist, critic, satirist, and one of the greatest poets of Enlightenment. Pope wrote his first verses at the age of 12. His breakthrough work, AN ESSAY ON CRITICISM (1711), appeared when he was twenty-three. It included the famous line "a little learning is a dangerous thing." Pope's physical defects made him an easy target for heartless mockery, but he was also considered a leading literary critic and the epitome of English Neoclassicism. "Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see, (from An Essay on Criticism Alexander Pope was born in London as the son of Alexander Pope, a Roman Catholic linen-merchant, and Edith (Turner) Pope. She was forty-four, and belonged to a large Yorkshire family which divided along Catholic and Protestant lines. At that time Catholics suffered from repressive legislation and prejudices - they were not allowed to enter any universities or held public employment. Thus Pope had an uneven education, which was often interrupted. He was largely educated at home. Pope's aunt taught him to read. Latin and Greek he learned from a local priest and later he acquired knowledge of French and Italian poetry. Pope also attended clandestine Catholic schools. While still at school he wrote a play based on speeches from the Iliad Most of his time Pope spend reading books from his father's library - he "did nothing but write and read," said later his half-sister. In 1700, when his family moved to Bonfield in Windsor Forest, Pope contracted tuberculosis through infected milk. It was probably Pott's disease, a tubercular affection of the spine. He also suffered from asthma and headaches, and his humpback was a constant target for his critics in literary battles - Pope was called a 'hunchbacked toad.' In middle age he was 4ft 6in tall and wore a stiffened canvas bodice to support his spine.
Island Of Freedom - Alexander Pope
Alexander Pope. 16881744. Fools! who into the notion fall, That viceor virtue there is none at all. If white and black blend, soften
http://www.island-of-freedom.com/POPE.HTM

Extractions: Alexander Pope was an English poet who, modeling himself after the great poets of classical antiquity, wrote highly polished verse, often in a didactic or satirical vein. In verse translations, moral and critical essays, and satires that made him the foremost poet of his age, he brought the heroic couplet, which had been refined by John Dryden , to ultimate perfection. Pope was the son of a London cloth merchant. His parents were Roman Catholics, which automatically barred him from England's Protestant universities. Until he was 12 years old, he was educated largely by priests; primarily self-taught afterward, he read widely in English letters, as well as in French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. A devastating illness, probably tuberculosis of the spine, struck him in childhood, leaving him deformed. He never grew taller than 4 ft 6 in and was subject to violent headaches. Perhaps as a result of this condition, he was hypersensitive and exceptionally irritable all his life. In 1717 Pope moved to a villa in Twickenham, west of London on the Thames River, where he lived for the rest of his life. The most celebrated personages of the day came to visit him there. He was a bitterly quarrelsome man and attacked his literary contemporaries viciously and often without provocation. To some, however, he was warm and affectionate; he had a long and close friendship with the English writers Jonathan Swift and John Gay.
Followers Of Rambaldi
Alleged organization of followers of this prophet, Seer, Mystic, and Alchemist of pope alexander VI. Hilarious farce or is it?
http://www.followersoframbaldi.org
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Pope Alexander VI
Home Catholic Encyclopedia A pope alexander VI. Click here for thousandsof Catholic items from Aquinas and More. pope alexander VI.
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/01289a.htm
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Alexander III, Pope
Home Catholic Encyclopedia A pope alexander III. Click here for thousandsof Catholic items from Aquinas and More. pope alexander III.
http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/01287a.htm
CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Anselm Of Lucca, The Younger
St. Anselm of Lucca the Younger, appointed bishop of Lucca by his uncle Anselm of Lucca the Elder (pope alexander II), then became a Benedictine monk, served as papal legate, and died in 1086.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01550d.htm

Extractions: Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > St. Anselm of Lucca, the Younger A B C D ... Z Born at Mantua c. 1036; d. in the same city, 18 March, 1086. He was nephew of Anselm of Lucca, the Elder, who ascended the Papal throne as Alexander II in 1061. In the year 1071 Alexander II designated Anselm as Bishop of Lucca and sent him to Germany to take investiture from Henry IV. Anselm went to Germany, but was loath to receive the insignia of spiritual power from a temporal ruler and returned without investiture. In 1073 Gregory VII , successor of Alexander II, also appointed Anselm Bishop of Lucca, but advised him not to accept his ring and crosier from Henry IV. For some reason, Anselm accepted investiture from Henry, but soon felt such remorse that he resigned his bishopric and entered the Order of St. Benedict at Padilirone, a monastery of the Cluniac Reform, situated near Mantua. Gregory VII ordered him to return to his episcopal see at Lucca. Anselm returned reluctantly, but continued to lead time life of a monk until his death. Inspired, like Gregory VII , with a holy zeal to reform the clergy, he wished to impose stricter discipline upon the canons of his cathedral. Most of the canons refused to submit to Anselms regulations, and in 1081 he was expelled from Lucca with the help of the Emperor and his
Pope Alexander VII - Wikipedia
pope alexander VII. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alexander VII (February13, 1599May 22, 1667) was pope from 1655 until his death in 1667.
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII

Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alexander VII February 13 May 22 ) was pope from until his death in Born Fabio Chigi in Siena , he was successively inquisitor at Malta , vice- legate at Ferrara and nuncio in Cologne ). Though expected to take part in the negotiations which led in to the Peace of Westphalia , he refused to deliberate with heretics, and protested against the treaties when completed. Pope Innocent X subsequently made him cardinal secretary of state. When Innocent died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain , was elected pope on April 7 . The conclave believed he was strongly opposed to the nepotism then prevalent.
Pope Alexander VI - Wikipedia
pope alexander VI. Alexander VI, pope (14921503), born Rodrigo Borgia (1431),is the most memorable of the corrupt and secular popes of the Renaissance.
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI

Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alexander VI, pope ), born Rodrigo Borgia (1431), is the most memorable of the corrupt and secular popes of the Renaissance. He was born ( January 1 ) at Xativa, near Valencia in Spain , and his father's surname was Lanzol or Llancol; that of his mother's family, Borgia or Borja, was assumed by him on the elevation of his maternal uncle to the papacy as Callixtus III April 8 He studied law at Bologna , and after his uncle's election he was created successively bishop, cardinal and vice-chancellor of the church, an act of nepotism characteristic of the age. He served in the Curia under five popes and acquired much administrative experience, influence and wealth, although no great power; he was economical in his habits; on occasion he displayed great splendour and lived in a fine palace. His manners were agreeable and his appearance fascinating, but, like many other prelates of the day, his morals were far from blameless, his two dominant passions being greed of gold and love of women, and he was devotedly fond of the children whom his mistresses bore him. Although ecclesiastical corruption was then at its height, his riotous mode of life called down upon him a very severe reprimand from
Pope Alexander VII - Wikipedia
Short biographical article.
http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII

Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Alexander VII February 13 May 22 ) was pope from until his death in Born Fabio Chigi in Siena , he was successively inquisitor at Malta , vice- legate at Ferrara and nuncio in Cologne ). Though expected to take part in the negotiations which led in to the Peace of Westphalia , he refused to deliberate with heretics, and protested against the treaties when completed. Pope Innocent X subsequently made him cardinal secretary of state. When Innocent died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain , was elected pope on April 7 . The conclave believed he was strongly opposed to the nepotism then prevalent.
Patron Saints Index: Pope Alexander III
pope alexander III. Also known as Orlando Bandinelli; Rolandus BandinelliProfile Canonist, studying law under Gratian. Taught at Bologna.
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0170.htm

Extractions: In , Alexander was forced into exile in France by Emperor Frederick I. In his long struggle with the emperor, the pope was aided by the Lombard League, which named the town of Alessandria for him. In , he received the penance of King Henry II of England for the murder of Saint Thomas Becket . Following the Battle of Legnano in , Frederick was finally forced to submit to papal authority. Alexander convened the Third Lateran Council. He issued many decretals, established the procedure for canonizing saints, inaugurated the two-thirds rule for papal elections, protected universities, and was one of the most distinguished champions of ecclesiastical independence in the Middle Ages. : Saint
Patron Saints Index: Pope Alexander VI
pope alexander VI. Also known as Rodrigo de Borja; Rodrigo Borgia ProfileTook Borja as his surname from his uncle Alfonso (Pope Calixtus III).
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0214.htm

Extractions: Proclaimed the line of demarcation that split the western hemisphere between Spain and Portugal . Patron of the arts. Foreign relations during his reign were dominated by the increasing influence of France in Italy, which culminated in the invasion of Charles VIII in . Alexander prevented Charles from taking church property in Rome , but he turned over the valuable Ottoman hostage Djem, brother of Sultan Beyazid II. Prior to his papacy , Alexander fathered four illegitimate children by a Roman woman, Vannozza, among them Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia. Cesare became the principal leader in papal affairs, and papal resources were spent building up his power; Alexander arranged suitable marriages for Lucrezia. The favouritism shown his children, the lax moral tone of Renaissance Rome , and the unscrupulous methods employed by Cesare and other papal officials have made Alexanders name the symbol of the worldly irreligion of Renaissance popes at Jativa
Pope Alexander III
pope alexander III Bull of 12 March 1173, announcing the canonizationof St Thomas on 21 February 1173. Source English Historical
http://www.loyno.edu/~letchie/becket/texts/a3-bull.htm
Peter Abelard: On Aliquid By Roland, Pope Alexander III (12th Century A.D.); Tra
A section from the notes of cardinal Roland of Siena, later pope alexander3rd. On aliquid 1 by Roland, pope alexander III (12th century AD).
http://www.abelard.org/abelard/roland.htm

Extractions: carolinne.white@bodley.ox.ac.uk It is asked whether there were two sons in Christ. It is proved that there are two sons in Christ. For there is in Christ both the Word of the Father which is the natural son of God and the human nature he has assumed which is the natural son of the Virgin, and the Word is not that man, neither part of him or the whole, or the other way round: therefore there are two sons in Christ. On the contrary: Christ is God but God is without parts: therefore Christ has no parts. Again, there is nothing new, nothing made and there is nothing in the Trinity made or created or composite, but Christ is the third person in the Trinity and so he has no parts. To which we say, Christ, according to his human nature has parts, according to his divine nature is wholly without parts. On the contrary: it is proved that Christ is not the Word. The Word is in Christ; therefore the Word is not Christ. For nothing, according to the authority, is that in which it is. If the Word is not Christ, then, by a simple reversal, Christ is not the Word, either. Again, it is proved that Christ is not a man. He is not the man assumed nor is he another man, and so he is not a man. It is clear that he is not another man. It is proved that he is not the man assumed: the man assumed is not a man, for if it were a man it would also be a person. Therefore Christ is not a man.
Churches Of Rome: Pope Alexander II
pope alexander II. Anselmo da Baggio 10611073. Alexander II was generallyaccepted as the true Pope after the synod of Mantua in 1064.
http://home.online.no/~cnyborg/pope_alexander02.html

Extractions: Anselm was born in Baggio, near Milan. He supported the Patarenes, an extreme reforming movement, and was therefore sent on a mission to Emperor Henry III by the Archbishop of Milan. In 1056, he was appointed Bishop of Lucca. In 1061, without having been created cardinal, he was elected pope with the support of Hildebrand (later Pope Gregory VII). Emperor Henry IV had an antipope, Honorius II, elected. Alexander II was generally accepted as the true Pope after the synod of Mantua in 1064. His Patarene sympathies were reflected in some of his decrees against simony and decrees enforcing clerical celibacy. The Papacy was strengthened under Alexander II, who insisted on personal attendance in Rome before he would confer the pallium Alexander II gave his blessing to William of Normandy's invasion of England (1066). He died on 21 April 1073, and was buried in San Giovanni in Laterano Chris Nyborg
Pope Alexander VI - Rotten To The Core
ISAT Alternate HomePage. Go Back. pope alexander VI Rotten to theCore. When pope alexander VI died in 1503, he was laid out in the
http://www.isat.ie/pope_alexander_vi_-_rotten_to_the_core.htm

Extractions: ISAT Alternate HomePage Go Back W hen Pope Alexander VI died in 1503, he was laid out in the Sistine Chapel and left until his flesh turned deep purple and his tongue was swollen and bent double. When the time finally came for burial, the bloated corpse was rolled up in an old carpet and crammed into the now too-small coffin. It was a grotesque but appropriately inglorious end for history's most corrupt and profligate pope. Rodrigo de Borgia (1431-1503) was a cardinal by age 25 and vice-chancellor of the Holy See at 26, a position that he held for 35 years, and which earned him a fortune through the sale of indulgences and the devious manipulation of his power and position. When he was "elected" to the papacy in 1492 and became Alexander VI, his winning vote came from the 96-year-old, senile patriarch of Venice. Before becoming pope, Alexander fathered four illegitimate children by different women, including one Giulia Farnese, who became his mistress at 15. By Vanozza dei Catanei, he had three more illegitimate children, including a son, Cesare, and a daughter, Lucrezia, whom he used like a pawn. Alexander forced Lucrezia into three marriages by the time she was 21, always to men who could benefit him financially or politically. He forced her to divorce the first husband and had the second murdered. Lucrezia remained unhappily married to the third, the Duke of Ferrara. Alexander's son Cesare was invested with several bishoprics at only 18 and was made cardinal a year later. Ruthless and cruel like his father, Cesare employed a chemist known to be a master of poisons, ordered at least one murder, and was suspected of many more.
WIEM Pope Alexander
pope alexander (16881744), angielski pisarz. Literatura, Wielka Brytania PopeAlexander (1688-1744), widok strony znajdz podobne pokaz powiazane.
http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/0116fe.html

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